2 Samuel 3ASV
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2 Samuel3

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: and David waxed stronger and stronger, but the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.

2And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his first-born was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

3and his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;

4and the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

5and the sixth, Ithream, of Eglah, David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron.

6And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong in the house of Saul.

7Now Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father’s concubine?

8Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish-bosheth, and said, Am I a dog’s head that belongeth to Judah? This day do I show kindness unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David; and yet thou chargest me this day with a fault concerning this woman.

9God do so to Abner, and more also, if, as Jehovah hath sworn to David, I do not even so to him;

10to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beer-sheba.

11And he could not answer Abner another word, because he feared him.

12And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.

13And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee; but one thing I require of thee: that is, thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when thou comest to see my face.

14And David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to me for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.

15And Ish-bosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Paltiel the son of Laish.

16And her husband went with her, weeping as he went, and followed her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return: and he returned.

17And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, In times past ye sought for David to be king over you:

18now then do it; for Jehovah hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.

19And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and to the whole house of Benjamin.

20So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.

21And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thy soul desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

22And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from a foray, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.

23When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.

24Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?

25Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.

26And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not.

27And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the midst of the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there in the body, so that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.

28And afterward, when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before Jehovah for ever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner:

29let it fall upon the head of Joab, and upon all his father’s house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth by the sword, or that lacketh bread.

30So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.

31And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David followed the bier.

32And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.

33And the king lamented for Abner, and said, Should Abner die as a fool dieth?

34Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: As a man falleth before the children of iniquity, so didst thou fall. And all the people wept again over him.

35And all the people came to cause David to eat bread while it was yet day; but David sware, saying, God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or aught else, till the sun be down.

36And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them; as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people.

37So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

38And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?

39And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me: Jehovah reward the evil-doer according to his wickedness.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: David's power increases His family. (1–6). Abner revolts to David. (7–21). Joab kills Abner David mourns for him. (22–39).

vv1-6

The length of this war tried the faith and patience of David, and made his settlement at last the more welcome. The contest between grace and corruption in the hearts of believers, may fitly be compared to this warfare. There is a long war between them, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; but as the work of holiness is carried on, corruption, like the house of Saul, grows weaker and weaker; while grace, like the house of David, grows stronger and stronger.

vv7-21

Many, like Abner, are not above committing base crimes, who are too proud to bear reproof, or even the suspicion of being guilty. While men go on in sin, and apparently without concern, they are often conscious that they are fighting against God. Many mean to serve their own purposes; and will betray those who trust them, when they can get any advantage. Yet the Lord serves his own designs, even by those who are thus actuated by revenge, ambition, or lust; but as they intend not to honour him, in the end they will be thrown aside with contempt. There was real generosity both to Michal and to the memory of Saul, in David's receiving the former, remembering probably how once he owed his life to her affection, and knowing that she was separated from him partly by her father's authority. Let no man set his heart on that which he is not entitled to. If any disagreement has separated husband and wife, as they expect the blessing of God, let them be reconciled, and live together in love.

vv22-39

Judgments are prepared for such scorners as Abner; but Joab, in what he did, acted wickedly. David laid Abner's murder deeply to heart, and in many ways expressed his detestation of it. The guilt of blood brings a curse upon families: if men do not avenge it, God will. It is a sad thing to die like a fool, as they do that any way shorten their own days, and those who make no provision for another world. Who would be fond of power, when a man may have the name of it, and must be accountable for it, yet is hampered in the use of it? David ought to have done his duty, and then trusted God with the issue. Carnal policy spared Joab. The Son of David may long delay, but never fails to punish impenitent sinners. He who now reigns upon the throne of David, has a kingdom of a nobler kind. Whatever He doeth, is noticed by all his willing people, and is pleasing to them.

Cross References

2 Samuel 3

Direct parallel list of David's sons born in Hebron, confirming names and maternal origins.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 18:25thematic

Verbatim reference to the bride price of one hundred Philistine foreskins for Michal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v272 Samuel 20:10thematic

Joab kills Amasa in the same treacherous manner (striking under the fifth rib).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Kings 2:32thematic

Solomon references Joab's guilt in murdering Abner, executing judgment to clear David's line.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Tragic consequences concerning David's firstborn Amnon and his third son Absalom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41 Kings 1:5-18thematic

Adonijah, David's fourth son born in Hebron, later attempts to usurp the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v72 Samuel 16:21thematic

Taking a king's concubine acts as a virtual claim to the throne in eastern custom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 25:44thematic

Records Saul giving Michal, David's wife, to Phaltiel (Phalti) the son of Laish.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v272 Samuel 2:19-23thematic

The background event where Abner reluctantly killed Joab's brother Asahel in battle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Galatians 5:17thematic

The spiritual warfare of flesh versus spirit parallels the weakening house of Saul.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32 Samuel 13:37thematic

Absalom flees to Geshur to his maternal grandfather Talmai after murdering Amnon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Samuel 24:14thematic

David uses the same 'dog' idiom to express utter insignificance and self-abasement.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Samuel 15:28thematic

Samuel's prophecy of transferring Saul's kingdom to David, which Abner acknowledges here.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 3:39contrast

Contrasts Ish-bosheth's inability to answer Abner with David's weakness before Joab.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v162 Samuel 16:5thematic

Bahurim, where Phaltiel was turned back, is also where Shimei cursed David.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Samuel 14:50thematic

Identifies Abner as the son of Ner, Saul's uncle and captain of the host.

Supported by Matthew Poole