2 Samuel13
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And it came to pass after this, that Absalom the son of David had a fair sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her.
2And Amnon was so vexed that he fell sick because of his sister Tamar; for she was a virgin; and it seemed hard to Amnon to do anything unto her.
3But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah, David’s brother: and Jonadab was a very subtle man.
4And he said unto him, Why, O son of the king, art thou thus lean from day to day? wilt thou not tell me? And Amnon said unto him, I love Tamar, my brother Absalom’s sister.
5And Jonadab said unto him, Lay thee down on thy bed, and feign thyself sick: and when thy father cometh to see thee, say unto him, Let my sister Tamar come, I pray thee, and give me bread to eat, and dress the food in my sight, that I may see it, and eat it from her hand.
6So Amnon lay down, and feigned himself sick: and when the king was come to see him, Amnon said unto the king, Let my sister Tamar come, I pray thee, and make me a couple of cakes in my sight, that I may eat from her hand.
7Then David sent home to Tamar, saying, Go now to thy brother Amnon’s house, and dress him food.
8So Tamar went to her brother Amnon’s house; and he was laid down. And she took dough, and kneaded it, and made cakes in his sight, and did bake the cakes.
9And she took the pan, and poured them out before him; but he refused to eat. And Amnon said, Have out all men from me. And they went out every man from him.
10And Amnon said unto Tamar, Bring the food into the chamber, that I may eat from thy hand. And Tamar took the cakes which she had made, and brought them into the chamber to Amnon her brother.
11And when she had brought them near unto him to eat, he took hold of her, and said unto her, Come, lie with me, my sister.
12And she answered him, Nay, my brother, do not force me; for no such thing ought to be done in Israel: do not thou this folly.
13And I, whither shall I carry my shame? and as for thee, thou wilt be as one of the fools in Israel. Now therefore, I pray thee, speak unto the king; for he will not withhold me from thee.
14Howbeit he would not hearken unto her voice; but being stronger than she, he forced her, and lay with her.
15Then Amnon hated her with exceeding great hatred; for the hatred wherewith he hated her was greater than the love wherewith he had loved her. And Amnon said unto her, Arise, be gone.
16And she said unto him, Not so, because this great wrong in putting me forth is worse than the other that thou didst unto me. But he would not hearken unto her.
17Then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said, Put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her.
18And she had a garment of divers colors upon her; for with such robes were the king’s daughters that were virgins apparelled. Then his servant brought her out, and bolted the door after her.
19And Tamar put ashes on her head, and rent her garment of divers colors that was on her; and she laid her hand on her head, and went her way, crying aloud as she went.
20And Absalom her brother said unto her, Hath Amnon thy brother been with thee? but now hold thy peace, my sister: he is thy brother; take not this thing to heart. So Tamar remained desolate in her brother Absalom’s house.
21But when king David heard of all these things, he was very wroth.
22And Absalom spake unto Amnon neither good nor bad; for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.
23And it came to pass after two full years, that Absalom had sheep-shearers in Baal-hazor, which is beside Ephraim: and Absalom invited all the king’s sons.
24And Absalom came to the king, and said, Behold now, thy servant hath sheep-shearers; let the king, I pray thee, and his servants go with thy servant.
25And the king said to Absalom, Nay, my son, let us not all go, lest we be burdensome unto thee. And he pressed him: howbeit he would not go, but blessed him.
26Then said Absalom, If not, I pray thee, let my brother Amnon go with us. And the king said unto him, Why should he go with thee?
27But Absalom pressed him, and he let Amnon and all the king’s sons go with him.
28And Absalom commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now, when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon, then kill him; fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.
29And the servants of Absalom did unto Amnon as Absalom had commanded. Then all the king’s sons arose, and every man gat him up upon his mule, and fled.
30And it came to pass, while they were in the way, that the tidings came to David, saying, Absalom hath slain all the king’s sons, and there is not one of them left.
31Then the king arose, and rent his garments, and lay on the earth; and all his servants stood by with their clothes rent.
32And Jonadab, the son of Shimeah, David’s brother, answered and said, Let not my lord suppose that they have killed all the young men the king’s sons; for Amnon only is dead: for by the appointment of Absalom this hath been determined from the day that he forced his sister Tamar.
33Now therefore let not my lord the king take the thing to his heart, to think that all the king’s sons are dead; for Amnon only is dead.
34But Absalom fled. And the young man that kept the watch lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, there came much people by the way of the hill-side behind him.
35And Jonadab said unto the king, Behold, the king’s sons are come: as thy servant said, so it is.
36And it came to pass, as soon as he had made an end of speaking, that, behold, the king’s sons came, and lifted up their voice, and wept: and the king also and all his servants wept very sore.
37But Absalom fled, and went to Talmai the son of Ammihur, king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.
38So Absalom fled, and went to Geshur, and was there three years.
39And the soul of king David longed to go forth unto Absalom: for he was comforted concerning Amnon, seeing he was dead.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ammon's violence to his sister. (1–20). Absalom murders his brother Ammon. (21–29). David's grief, Absalom flees to Geshur. (30–39).
vv1-20
From henceforward David was followed with one trouble after another. Adultery and murder were David's sins, the like sins among his children were the beginnings of his punishment: he was too indulgent to his children. Thus David might trace the sins of his children to his own misconduct, which must have made the anguish of the chastisement worse. Let no one ever expect good treatment from those who are capable of attempting their seduction; but it is better to suffer the greatest wrong than to commit the least sin.
vv21-29
Observe the aggravations of Absalom's sin: he would have Ammon slain, when least fit to go out of the world. He engaged his servants in the guilt. Those servants are ill-taught who obey wicked masters, against God's commands. Indulged children always prove crosses to godly parents, whose foolish love leads them to neglect their duty to God.
vv30-39
Jonadab was as guilty of Ammon's death, as of his sin; such false friends do they prove, who counsel us to do wickedly. Instead of loathing Absalom as a murderer, David, after a time, longed to go forth to him. This was David's infirmity: God saw something in his heart that made a difference, else we should have thought that he, as much as Eli, honoured his sons more than God.
Key Words
אֲבִישָׁלוֹם: Abshalom, a son of David; also (the fuller form) a later Israelite
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָפֶה: beautiful (literally or figuratively)
אָחוֹת: a sister (used very widely (like brother), literally and figuratively)
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
תָּמָר: Tamar, the name of three women and a place
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
אַמְנוֹן: Amnon (or Aminon), a son of David
אָהַב: to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
Cross References
2 Samuel 13Fulfills Nathan's prophecy that the sword would never depart from David's house because of his sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Establishes parentage: Absalom and Tamar were children of Maachah, daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic law explicitly forbids sexual relations with a half-sister or stepsister.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Shimeah (Shammah) as David's brother, making Jonadab a first cousin to Amnon and Absalom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes 'folly in Israel' from Shechem's rape of Dinah; represents a grave violation of covenant holiness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Tamar's appeal reflects Abraham's historical precedent of marrying his half-sister Sarah.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the 'garment of divers colours' worn by royal virgins, evoking Joseph's distinctive tunic.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Eli's weak parental response to his sons' sins, leading to judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Amnon's murder while 'merry with wine' at a feast parallels Nabal's vulnerable, drunken state.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Continues the narrative of David's heart leaning toward the exiled Absalom, leading to Joab's intervention.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom's silent, nursing hatred of his brother Amnon resembles Esau's vow to murder Jacob.
Supported by JFB
Highlights Absalom's dissimulation, concealing deep hatred behind long silence and normal interactions.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates sheep-shearing as a festive time of hospitality, which Absalom weaponized for murder.
Supported by JFB
Absalom's command to kill his brother mirrors David's written order to have Uriah killed.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jonadab's knowledge of the plot reveals his original role as Amnon's subtle advisor.
Supported by Matthew Poole