2 Samuel12
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And Jehovah sent Nathan unto David. And he came unto him, and said unto him, There were two men in one city; the one rich, and the other poor.
2The rich man had exceeding many flocks and herds;
3but the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and nourished up: and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter.
4And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man’s lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.
5And David’s anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As Jehovah liveth, the man that hath done this is worthy to die:
6and he shall restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing, and because he had no pity.
7And Nathan said to David, Thou art the man. Thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, I anointed thee king over Israel, and I delivered thee out of the hand of Saul;
8and I gave thee thy master’s house, and thy master’s wives into thy bosom, and gave thee the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that had been too little, I would have added unto thee such and such things.
9Wherefore hast thou despised the word of Jehovah, to do that which is evil in his sight? thou hast smitten Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and hast taken his wife to be thy wife, and hast slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
10Now therefore the sword shall never depart from thy house, because thou hast despised me, and hast taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be thy wife.
11Thus saith Jehovah, Behold, I will raise up evil against thee out of thine own house; and I will take thy wives before thine eyes, and give them unto thy neighbor, and he shall lie with thy wives in the sight of this sun.
12For thou didst it secretly: but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.
13And David said unto Nathan, I have sinned against Jehovah. And Nathan said unto David, Jehovah also hath put away thy sin; thou shalt not die.
14Howbeit, because by this deed thou hast given great occasion to the enemies of Jehovah to blaspheme, the child also that is born unto thee shall surely die.
15And Nathan departed unto his house. And Jehovah struck the child that Uriah’s wife bare unto David, and it was very sick.
16David therefore besought God for the child; and David fasted, and went in, and lay all night upon the earth.
17And the elders of his house arose, and stood beside him, to raise him up from the earth: but he would not, neither did he eat bread with them.
18And it came to pass on the seventh day, that the child died. And the servants of David feared to tell him that the child was dead; for they said, Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spake unto him, and he hearkened not unto our voice: how will he then vex himself, if we tell him that the child is dead!
19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants, Is the child dead? And they said, He is dead.
20Then David arose from the earth, and washed, and anointed himself, and changed his apparel; and he came into the house of Jehovah, and worshipped: then he came to his own house; and when he required, they set bread before him, and he did eat.
21Then said his servants unto him, What thing is this that thou hast done? thou didst fast and weep for the child, while it was alive; but when the child was dead, thou didst rise and eat bread.
22And he said, While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who knoweth whether Jehovah will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?
23But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me.
24And David comforted Bath-sheba his wife, and went in unto her, and lay with her: and she bare a son, and he called his name Solomon. And Jehovah loved him;
25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet; and he called his name Jedidiah, for Jehovah’s sake.
26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
27And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, I have fought against Rabbah; yea, I have taken the city of waters.
28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city, and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called after my name.
29And David gathered all the people together, and went to Rabbah, and fought against it, and took it.
30And he took the crown of their king from off his head; and the weight thereof was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. And he brought forth the spoil of the city, exceeding much.
31And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln: and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).
vv1-14
God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.
vv15-25
David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”
vv26-31
To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.
Key Words
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
נָתָן: Nathan, the name of five Israelites
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שְׁנַיִם: two; also (as ordinal) twofold
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
עָשִׁיר: rich, whether literal or figurative (noble)
Cross References
2 Samuel 12David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.
Supported by JFB
Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.
Supported by JFB
Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.
Supported by JFB
Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.
Supported by JFB