2 Samuel 12WEB
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2 Samuel12

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Yahweh sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, “There were two men in one city: the one rich, and the other poor.

2The rich man had very many flocks and herds,

3but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was like a daughter to him.

4A traveler came to the rich man, and he didn’t want to take of his own flock and of his own herd to prepare for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man’s lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”

5David’s anger burned hot against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As Yahweh lives, the man who has done this deserves to die!

6He must restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing and because he had no pity!”

7Nathan said to David, “You are the man! This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.

8I gave you your master’s house and your master’s wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.

9Why have you despised Yahweh’s word, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.

10Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me and have taken Uriah the Hittite’s wife to be your wife.’

11“This is what Yahweh says: ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.

12For you did this secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.’”

13David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against Yahweh.” Nathan said to David, “Yahweh also has put away your sin. You will not die.

14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to Yahweh’s enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you will surely die.”

15Then Nathan departed to his house. Yahweh struck the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David, and he was very sick.

16David therefore begged God for the child; and David fasted, and went in and lay all night on the ground.

17The elders of his house arose beside him, to raise him up from the earth; but he would not, and he didn’t eat bread with them.

18On the seventh day, the child died. David’s servants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him and he didn’t listen to our voice. How will he then harm himself if we tell him that the child is dead?”

19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?” They said, “He is dead.”

20Then David arose from the earth, and washed and anointed himself, and changed his clothing; and he came into Yahweh’s house, and worshiped. Then he came to his own house; and when he requested, they set bread before him and he ate.

21Then his servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive, but when the child was dead, you rose up and ate bread.”

22He said, “While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who knows whether Yahweh will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?’

23But now he is dead. Why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”

24David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Yahweh loved him;

25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and he named him Jedidiah, for Yahweh’s sake.

26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27Joab sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah. Yes, I have taken the city of waters.

28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called by my name.”

29David gathered all the people together and went to Rabbah, and fought against it and took it.

30He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. He brought a great quantity of plunder out of the city.

31He brought out the people who were in it, and put them to work under saws, under iron picks, under axes of iron, and made them go to the brick kiln; and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).

vv1-14

God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.

vv15-25

David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”

vv26-31

To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.

Cross References

2 Samuel 12
v6Exodus 22:1thematic

David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 16:22fulfillment

Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Psalms 51:1-19thematic

The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v6Proverbs 6:31thematic

Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v82 Samuel 12:11thematic

God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Isaiah 52:5thematic

Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v82 Samuel 3:7thematic

Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 2:22thematic

Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.

Supported by JFB

Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 38:24thematic

Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 15:24contrast

Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.

Supported by JFB

v262 Samuel 11:1thematic

Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.

Supported by JFB