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2 Samuel 12

2 Samuel12

English Standard Version

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1 And the Lord to . He to him and to him, There were in a , the and the .

2 The man had and ,

3 but the man had nothing but ewe , which he had . And he brought it , and it him and with his . It used to of his and from his and in his , and it was like a to him.

4 Now there a to the , and he was to one of his own or to for the who had to him, but he the and it for the who had to him.

5 Then was against the , and he to , As the Lord , the who has this to ,

6 and he shall the , he this , and he had no .

7 to , You are the ! Thus the Lord, the of , I you over , and I you out of the of .

8 And I you your and your into your and you the of and of . And this were too , I would to you as .

9 have you the of the Lord, to what is in his ? You have the with the and have his to be your and have him with the of the .

10 therefore the shall from your , you have me and have the of the to be your .

11 the Lord, , I will raise you out of your own . And I will your and them to your , and he shall with your in the of this .

12 you it , but I will and the .

13 to , I have against the Lord. And to , The Lord also has put your ; you shall not .

14 , because by this you have the Lord, the who is to .

15 Then to his . And the Lord the that to , and he .

16 therefore on behalf of the . And and and all on the .

17 And the of his him, to him from the , but not, nor did he with them.

18 On the the . And the of were to him that the was , for they , , while the was yet , we to him, and he did not to . then can we to him the is ? He may do some .

19 But when that his were together, that the was . And to his , Is the ? They , He is .

20 Then from the and and himself and his . And he into the of the Lord and . He then to his own . And when he , they before him, and he .

21 Then his to him, is that you have ? You and for the while he was ; but when the , you and .

22 He , While the was still , I and , for I , whether the Lord will be to me, that the may ?

23 But he is . should I ? I ? I shall to him, but he will not to me.

24 Then his , , and to her and with her, and she a , and he his . And the Lord him

25 and a by the . So he his , because of the Lord.

26 Now against of the and the .

27 And to and , I have against ; , I have the of .

28 then the of the and against the and it, lest I the and it be by my .

29 So the and to and against it and it.

30 And he the of their from his . The of it was a of , and in it was a , and it was placed on . And he the of the , a .

31 And he the who were in it and them to labor with and and and at the . And thus he to all the of the . Then and all the to .

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2 Samuel 12

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).

vv1-14

God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.

vv15-25

David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”

vv26-31

To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.

Cross References

2 Samuel 12
v6Exodus 22:1thematic

David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 16:22fulfillment

Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Psalms 51:1-19thematic

The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v6Proverbs 6:31thematic

Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v82 Samuel 12:11thematic

God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Isaiah 52:5thematic

Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v82 Samuel 3:7thematic

Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 2:22thematic

Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.

Supported by JFB

Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 38:24thematic

Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 15:24contrast

Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.

Supported by JFB

v262 Samuel 11:1thematic

Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.

Supported by JFB