2 Samuel 12NASB
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2 Samuel12

New American Standard

1Then the Lord sent Nathan to David. And he came to him and said, “There were two men in a city, the one wealthy and the other poor.

2The wealthy man had a great many flocks and herds.

3But the poor man had nothing at all except one little ewe lamb Which he bought and nurtured; And it grew up together with him and his children. It would eat scraps from him and drink from his cup and lie in his lap, And was like a daughter to him.

4Now a visitor came to the wealthy man, And he could not bring himself to take any animal from his own flock or his own herd, To prepare for the traveler who had come to him; So he took the poor man’s ewe lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”

5Then David’s anger burned greatly against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As the Lord lives, the man who has done this certainly deserves to die!

6So he must make restitution for the lamb four times over, since he did this thing and had no compassion.”

7Nathan then said to David, “You yourself are the man! This is what the Lord, the God of Israel says: ‘It is I who anointed you as king over Israel, and it is I who rescued you from the hand of Saul.

8I also gave you your master’s house and put your master’s wives into your care, and I gave you the house of Israel and Judah; and if that had been too little, I would have added to you many more things like these!

9Why have you despised the word of the Lord, by doing evil in His sight? You have struck and killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword, you have taken his wife as your wife, and you have slaughtered him with the sword of the sons of Ammon.

10Now then, the sword shall never leave your house, because you have despised Me and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.’

11This is what the Lord says: ‘Behold, I am going to raise up evil against you from your own household; I will even take your wives before your eyes and give them to your companion, and he will sleep with your wives in broad daylight.

12Indeed, you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and in open daylight.’”

13Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord.” And Nathan said to David, “The Lord also has allowed your sin to pass; you shall not die.

14However, since by this deed you have shown utter disrespect for the Lord, the child himself who is born to you shall certainly die.”

15Then Nathan went to his house. Later the Lord struck the child that Uriah’s widow bore to David, so that he was very sick.

16David therefore pleaded with God for the child; and David fasted and went and lay all night on the ground.

17The elders of his household stood beside him in order to help him up from the ground, but he was unwilling and would not eat food with them.

18Then it happened on the seventh day that the child died. And David’s servants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was still alive, we spoke to him and he did not listen to us. How then can we tell him that the child is dead, since he might do himself harm?”

19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; so David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?” And they said, “He is dead.”

20So David got up from the ground, washed, anointed himself, and changed his clothes; and he went into the house of the Lord and worshiped. Then he went to his own house, and when he asked, they served him food, and he ate.

21Then his servants said to him, “What is this thing that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive; but when the child died, you got up and ate food.”

22And he said, “While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who knows, the Lord may be gracious to me, and the child may live.’

23But now he has died; why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I am going to him, but he will not return to me.”

24Then David comforted his wife Bathsheba, and went in to her and slept with her; and she gave birth to a son, and he named him Solomon. Now the Lord loved him,

25and sent word through Nathan the prophet, and he named him Jedidiah for the Lord’s sake.

26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon, and captured the royal city.

27Then Joab sent messengers to David and said, “I have fought against Rabbah, I have even captured the city of waters.

28Now then, gather the rest of the people and camp opposite the city and capture it, or I will capture the city myself and it will be named after me.”

29So David gathered all the people and went to Rabbah, and he fought against it and captured it.

30Then he took the crown of their king from his head; and its weight was a talent of gold, and it had a precious stone; and it was placed on David’s head. And he brought out the plunder of the city in great amounts.

31He also brought out the people who were in it, and put some to work at saws, iron picks, and iron axes, and made others serve at the brick works. And he did the same to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).

vv1-14

God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.

vv15-25

David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”

vv26-31

To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.

Cross References

2 Samuel 12
v6Exodus 22:1thematic

David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 16:22fulfillment

Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Psalms 51:1-19thematic

The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v6Proverbs 6:31thematic

Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v82 Samuel 12:11thematic

God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Isaiah 52:5thematic

Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v82 Samuel 3:7thematic

Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 2:22thematic

Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.

Supported by JFB

Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 38:24thematic

Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 15:24contrast

Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.

Supported by JFB

v262 Samuel 11:1thematic

Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.

Supported by JFB