Genesis38
New American Standard
1And it came about at that time, that Judah departed from his brothers and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
2Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua; and he took her as a wife and had relations with her.
3And she conceived and gave birth to a son, and he named him Er.
4Then she conceived again and gave birth to a son, and she named him Onan.
5She gave birth to yet another son and named him Shelah; and it was at Chezib that she gave birth to him.
6Now Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.
7But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was evil in the sight of the Lord, so the Lord took his life.
8Then Judah said to Onan, “Have relations with your brother’s wife and perform your duty as a brother-in-law to her, and raise up a child for your brother.”
9Now Onan knew that the child would not be his; so when he had relations with his brother’s wife, he wasted his seed on the ground so that he would not give a child to his brother.
10But what he did was displeasing in the sight of the Lord; so He took his life also.
11Then Judah said to his daughter-in-law Tamar, “Remain a widow in your father’s house until my son Shelah grows up”; for he thought, “I am afraid that he too may die like his brothers.” So Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.
12Now after a considerable time Shua’s daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and when the time of mourning was ended, Judah went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13And Tamar was told, “Behold, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.”
14So she removed her widow’s garments and covered herself with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gateway of Enaim, which is on the road to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah had grown up, and she had not been given to him as a wife.
15When Judah saw her, he assumed she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.
16So he turned aside to her by the road, and said, “Here now, let me have relations with you”; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. And she said, “What will you give me, that you may have relations with me?”
17He said, therefore, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She then said, “Will you give a pledge until you send it?”
18He said, “What pledge shall I give you?” And she said, “Your seal and your cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” So he gave them to her and had relations with her, and she conceived by him.
19Then she got up and departed, and removed her veil and put on her widow’s garments.
20When Judah sent the young goat by his friend the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman’s hand, he did not find her.
21He asked the people of her place, saying, “Where is the temple prostitute who was by the road at Enaim?” But they said, “There has been no temple prostitute here.”
22So he returned to Judah, and said, “I did not find her; and furthermore, the people of the place said, ‘There has been no temple prostitute here.’”
23Then Judah said, “Let her keep them, otherwise we will become a laughingstock. After all, I sent this young goat, but you did not find her.”
24Now it was about three months later that Judah was informed, “Your daughter-in-law Tamar has prostituted herself, and behold, she is also pregnant by prostitution.” Then Judah said, “Bring her out and have her burned!”
25It was while she was being brought out that she sent word to her father-in-law, saying, “I am pregnant by the man to whom these things belong.” She also said, “Please examine and see, whose signet ring and cords and staff are these?”
26And Judah recognized them, and said, “She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not have relations with her again.
27It came about at the time she was giving birth, that behold, there were twins in her womb.
28Moreover, it took place while she was giving birth, that one baby put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.”
29But it came about as he drew back his hand that behold, his brother came out. Then she said, “What a breach you have made for yourself!” So he was named Perez.
30Afterward his brother came out who had the scarlet thread on his hand; and he was named Zerah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 38.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The profligate conduct of Judah and his family. (1-30).
vv1-30
This chapter gives an account of Judah and his family, and such an account it is, that it seems a wonder that of all Jacob's sons, our Lord should spring out of Judah, Heb 7:14. But God will show that his choice is of grace and not of merit, and that Christ came into the world to save sinners, even the chief. Also, that the worthiness of Christ is of himself, and not from his ancestors. How little reason had the Jews, who were so called from this Judah, to boast as they did, Joh 8:41. What awful examples the Lord proclaims in his punishments, of his utter displeasure at sin! Let us seek grace from God to avoid every appearance of sin. And let that state of humbleness to which Jesus submitted, when he came to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself, in appointing such characters as those here recorded, to be his ancestors, endear the Redeemer to our hearts.
Key Words
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יָרַד: to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
אָח: a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))
נָטָה: to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
עֲדֻלָּמִי: an Adullamite or native of Adullam
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
חִירָה: Chirah, an Adullamite
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
Cross References
Genesis 38The explicit law of the levirate marriage, first historically illustrated in Onan's duty to Tamar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Pharez and Tamar are listed in the genealogy of Jesus, showing His line of grace.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Confirms the sons of Judah, including Er, Onan, and the birth of Pharez and Zerah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Genealogical confirmation of Er being evil in the sight of Yahweh and His slaying him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The ancient custom of burning as punishment for playing the harlot (specifically priests' daughters).
Supported by JFB
Poetic justice: Judah is asked to 'discern' items, just as he asked his father to discern Joseph's coat.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel where Saul, like Judah, admits: 'Thou art more righteous than I.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the city and location of Adullam, where Judah turned in to Hirah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Sadducees cite this levirate custom in their debate with Jesus over the resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Defines what it means to be exceptionally 'wicked before the Lord' in Genesis context.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal match: 'the thing displeased the LORD', used similarly of David's sin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel struggle of twins in the womb, recalling the birth of Esau and Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The attire of a harlot and the deceptive behavior of covering the face.
Further biblical reference to the rare practice of death by burning for adultery/offenses.
Supported by JFB