Genesis38
King James Version · Public Domain
1And it came to pass at that time, that Judah went down from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah.
2And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite, whose name was Shua; and he took her, and went in unto her.
3And she conceived, and bare a son; and he called his name Er.
4And she conceived again, and bare a son; and she called his name Onan.
5And she yet again conceived, and bare a son; and called his name Shelah: and he was at Chezib, when she bare him.
6And Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, whose name was Tamar.
7And Er, Judah's firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord; and the Lord slew him.
8And Judah said unto Onan, Go in unto thy brother's wife, and marry her, and raise up seed to thy brother.
9And Onan knew that the seed should not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in unto his brother's wife, that he spilled it on the ground, lest that he should give seed to his brother.
10And the thing which he did displeased the Lord: wherefore he slew him also.
11Then said Judah to Tamar his daughter in law, Remain a widow at thy father's house, till Shelah my son be grown: for he said, Lest peradventure he die also, as his brethren did. And Tamar went and dwelt in her father's house.
12And in process of time the daughter of Shua Judah's wife died; and Judah was comforted, and went up unto his sheepshearers to Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.
13And it was told Tamar, saying, Behold thy father in law goeth up to Timnah to shear his sheep.
14And she put her widow's garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place, which is by the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given unto him to wife.
15When Judah saw her, he thought her to be an harlot; because she had covered her face.
16And he turned unto her by the way, and said, Go to, I pray thee, let me come in unto thee; (for he knew not that she was his daughter in law.) And she said, What wilt thou give me, that thou mayest come in unto me?
17And he said, I will send thee a kid from the flock. And she said, Wilt thou give me a pledge, till thou send it?
18And he said, What pledge shall I give thee? And she said, Thy signet, and thy bracelets, and thy staff that is in thine hand. And he gave it her, and came in unto her, and she conceived by him.
19And she arose, and went away, and laid by her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20And Judah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman's hand: but he found her not.
21Then he asked the men of that place, saying, Where is the harlot, that was openly by the way side? And they said, There was no harlot in this place.
22And he returned to Judah, and said, I cannot find her; and also the men of the place said, that there was no harlot in this place.
23And Judah said, Let her take it to her, lest we be shamed: behold, I sent this kid, and thou hast not found her.
24And it came to pass about three months after, that it was told Judah, saying, Tamar thy daughter in law hath played the harlot; and also, behold, she is with child by whoredom. And Judah said, Bring her forth, and let her be burnt.
25When she was brought forth, she sent to her father in law, saying, By the man, whose these are, am I with child: and she said, Discern, I pray thee, whose are these, the signet, and bracelets, and staff.
26And Judah acknowledged them, and said, She hath been more righteous than I; because that I gave her not to Shelah my son. And he knew her again no more.
27And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb.
28And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first.
29And it came to pass, as he drew back his hand, that, behold, his brother came out: and she said, How hast thou broken forth? this breach be upon thee: therefore his name was called Pharez.
30And afterward came out his brother, that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and his name was called Zerah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 38.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The profligate conduct of Judah and his family. (1-30).
vv1-30
This chapter gives an account of Judah and his family, and such an account it is, that it seems a wonder that of all Jacob's sons, our Lord should spring out of Judah, Heb 7:14. But God will show that his choice is of grace and not of merit, and that Christ came into the world to save sinners, even the chief. Also, that the worthiness of Christ is of himself, and not from his ancestors. How little reason had the Jews, who were so called from this Judah, to boast as they did, Joh 8:41. What awful examples the Lord proclaims in his punishments, of his utter displeasure at sin! Let us seek grace from God to avoid every appearance of sin. And let that state of humbleness to which Jesus submitted, when he came to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself, in appointing such characters as those here recorded, to be his ancestors, endear the Redeemer to our hearts.
Key Words
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יָרַד: to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)
אָח: a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))
נָטָה: to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
עֲדֻלָּמִי: an Adullamite or native of Adullam
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
חִירָה: Chirah, an Adullamite
רָאָה: to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
Cross References
Genesis 38The explicit law of the levirate marriage, first historically illustrated in Onan's duty to Tamar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Pharez and Tamar are listed in the genealogy of Jesus, showing His line of grace.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Confirms the sons of Judah, including Er, Onan, and the birth of Pharez and Zerah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Genealogical confirmation of Er being evil in the sight of Yahweh and His slaying him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The ancient custom of burning as punishment for playing the harlot (specifically priests' daughters).
Supported by JFB
Poetic justice: Judah is asked to 'discern' items, just as he asked his father to discern Joseph's coat.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel where Saul, like Judah, admits: 'Thou art more righteous than I.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the city and location of Adullam, where Judah turned in to Hirah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Sadducees cite this levirate custom in their debate with Jesus over the resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Defines what it means to be exceptionally 'wicked before the Lord' in Genesis context.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal match: 'the thing displeased the LORD', used similarly of David's sin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel struggle of twins in the womb, recalling the birth of Esau and Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The attire of a harlot and the deceptive behavior of covering the face.
Further biblical reference to the rare practice of death by burning for adultery/offenses.
Supported by JFB