Genesis 38NKJV
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Genesis38

New King James Version

1It came to pass at that time that Judah departed from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite whose name was Hirah.

2And Judah saw there a daughter of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua, and he married her and went in to her.

3So she conceived and bore a son, and he called his name Er.

4She conceived again and bore a son, and she called his name Onan.

5And she conceived yet again and bore a son, and called his name Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him.

6Then Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.

7But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the Lord, and the Lord killed him.

8And Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother’s wife and marry her, and raise up an heir to your brother.”

9But Onan knew that the heir would not be his; and it came to pass, when he went in to his brother’s wife, that he emitted on the ground, lest he should give an heir to his brother.

10And the thing which he did displeased the Lord; therefore He killed him also.

11Then Judah said to Tamar his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in your father’s house till my son Shelah is grown.” For he said, “Lest he also die like his brothers.” And Tamar went and dwelt in her father’s house.

12Now in the process of time the daughter of Shua, Judah’s wife, died; and Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

13And it was told Tamar, saying, “Look, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.”

14So she took off her widow’s garments, covered herself with a veil and wrapped herself, and sat in an open place which was on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown, and she was not given to him as a wife.

15When Judah saw her, he thought she was a harlot, because she had covered her face.

16Then he turned to her by the way, and said, “Please let me come in to you”; for he did not know that she was his daughter-in-law. So she said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?”

17And he said, “I will send a young goat from the flock.” So she said, “Will you give me a pledge till you send it?”

18Then he said, “What pledge shall I give you?” So she said, “Your signet and cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” Then he gave them to her, and went in to her, and she conceived by him.

19So she arose and went away, and laid aside her veil and put on the garments of her widowhood.

20And Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his friend the Adullamite, to receive his pledge from the woman’s hand, but he did not find her.

21Then he asked the men of that place, saying, “Where is the harlot who was openly by the roadside?” And they said, “There was no harlot in this place.”

22So he returned to Judah and said, “I cannot find her. Also, the men of the place said there was no harlot in this place.”

23Then Judah said, “Let her take them for herself, lest we be shamed; for I sent this young goat and you have not found her.”

24And it came to pass, about three months after, that Judah was told, saying, “Tamar your daughter-in-law has played the harlot; furthermore she is with child by harlotry.” So Judah said, “Bring her out and let her be burned!”

25When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, “By the man to whom these belong, I am with child.” And she said, “Please determine whose these are—the signet and cord, and staff.”

26So Judah acknowledged them and said, “She has been more righteous than I, because I did not give her to Shelah my son.” And he never knew her again.

27Now it came to pass, at the time for giving birth, that behold, twins were in her womb.

28And so it was, when she was giving birth, that the one put out his hand; and the midwife took a scarlet thread and bound it on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.”

29Then it happened, as he drew back his hand, that his brother came out unexpectedly; and she said, “How did you break through? This breach be upon you!” Therefore his name was called Perez.

30Afterward his brother came out who had the scarlet thread on his hand. And his name was called Zerah.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 38.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The profligate conduct of Judah and his family. (1-30).

vv1-30

This chapter gives an account of Judah and his family, and such an account it is, that it seems a wonder that of all Jacob's sons, our Lord should spring out of Judah, Heb 7:14. But God will show that his choice is of grace and not of merit, and that Christ came into the world to save sinners, even the chief. Also, that the worthiness of Christ is of himself, and not from his ancestors. How little reason had the Jews, who were so called from this Judah, to boast as they did, Joh 8:41. What awful examples the Lord proclaims in his punishments, of his utter displeasure at sin! Let us seek grace from God to avoid every appearance of sin. And let that state of humbleness to which Jesus submitted, when he came to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself, in appointing such characters as those here recorded, to be his ancestors, endear the Redeemer to our hearts.

Cross References

Genesis 38

The explicit law of the levirate marriage, first historically illustrated in Onan's duty to Tamar.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v29Matthew 1:3thematic

Pharez and Tamar are listed in the genealogy of Jesus, showing His line of grace.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v3Genesis 46:12thematic

Confirms the sons of Judah, including Er, Onan, and the birth of Pharez and Zerah.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Genealogical confirmation of Er being evil in the sight of Yahweh and His slaying him.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v24Leviticus 21:9thematic

The ancient custom of burning as punishment for playing the harlot (specifically priests' daughters).

Supported by JFB

v25Genesis 37:32thematic

Poetic justice: Judah is asked to 'discern' items, just as he asked his father to discern Joseph's coat.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v261 Samuel 24:17thematic

Verbal parallel where Saul, like Judah, admits: 'Thou art more righteous than I.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Joshua 12:15thematic

Identifies the city and location of Adullam, where Judah turned in to Hirah.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Luke 20:28thematic

The Sadducees cite this levirate custom in their debate with Jesus over the resurrection.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Genesis 13:13thematic

Defines what it means to be exceptionally 'wicked before the Lord' in Genesis context.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v102 Samuel 11:27thematic

Verbal match: 'the thing displeased the LORD', used similarly of David's sin.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Genesis 25:26thematic

Parallel struggle of twins in the womb, recalling the birth of Esau and Jacob.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Proverbs 7:10thematic

The attire of a harlot and the deceptive behavior of covering the face.

v24Jeremiah 29:22thematic

Further biblical reference to the rare practice of death by burning for adultery/offenses.

Supported by JFB