Genesis25
New King James Version
1Abraham again took a wife, and her name was Keturah.
2And she bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
3Jokshan begot Sheba and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, Letushim, and Leummim.
4And the sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abidah, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah.
5And Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac.
6But Abraham gave gifts to the sons of the concubines which Abraham had; and while he was still living he sent them eastward, away from Isaac his son, to the country of the east.
7This is the sum of the years of Abraham’s life which he lived: one hundred and seventy-five years.
8Then Abraham breathed his last and died in a good old age, an old man and full of years, and was gathered to his people.
9And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite,
10the field which Abraham purchased from the sons of Heth. There Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife.
11And it came to pass, after the death of Abraham, that God blessed his son Isaac. And Isaac dwelt at Beer Lahai Roi.
12Now this is the genealogy of Ishmael, Abraham’s son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah’s maidservant, bore to Abraham.
13And these were the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam,
14Mishma, Dumah, Massa,
15Hadar, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
16These were the sons of Ishmael and these were their names, by their towns and their settlements, twelve princes according to their nations.
17These were the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred and thirty-seven years; and he breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his people.
18(They dwelt from Havilah as far as Shur, which is east of Egypt as you go toward Assyria.) He died in the presence of all his brethren.
19This is the genealogy of Isaac, Abraham’s son. Abraham begot Isaac.
20Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah as wife, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Padan Aram, the sister of Laban the Syrian.
21Now Isaac pleaded with the Lord for his wife, because she was barren; and the Lord granted his plea, and Rebekah his wife conceived.
22But the children struggled together within her; and she said, “If all is well, why am I like this?” So she went to inquire of the Lord.
23And the Lord said to her: “Two nations are in your womb, Two peoples shall be separated from your body; One people shall be stronger than the other, And the older shall serve the younger.”
24So when her days were fulfilled for her to give birth, indeed there were twins in her womb.
25And the first came out red. He was like a hairy garment all over; so they called his name Esau.
26Afterward his brother came out, and his hand took hold of Esau’s heel; so his name was called Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them.
27So the boys grew. And Esau was a skillful hunter, a man of the field; but Jacob was a mild man, dwelling in tents.
28And Isaac loved Esau because he ate of his game, but Rebekah loved Jacob.
29Now Jacob cooked a stew; and Esau came in from the field, and he was weary.
30And Esau said to Jacob, “Please feed me with that same red stew, for I am weary.” Therefore his name was called Edom.
31But Jacob said, “Sell me your birthright as of this day.”
32And Esau said, “Look, I am about to die; so what is this birthright to me?”
33Then Jacob said, “Swear to me as of this day.” So he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob.
34And Jacob gave Esau bread and stew of lentils; then he ate and drank, arose, and went his way. Thus Esau despised his birthright.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 25.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Abraham's family by Keturah, His death and burial. (1–10). God blesses Isaac, The descendants of Ishmael. (11–18). The birth of Esau and Jacob. (19–26). The different characters of Esau and Jacob. (27, 28). Esau despises and sells his birth-right. (29–34).
vv1-10
All the days, even of the best and greatest saints, are not remarkable days; some slide on silently; such were these last days of Abraham. Here is an account of Abraham's children by Keturah, and the disposition which he made of his estate. After the birth of these sons, he set his house in order, with prudence and justice. He did this while he yet lived. It is wisdom for men to do what they find to do while they live, as far as they can. Abraham lived 175 years; just one hundred years after he came to Canaan; so long he was a sojourner in a strange country. Whether our stay in this life be long or short, it matters but little, provided we leave behind us a testimony to the faithfulness and goodness of the Lord, and a good example to our families. We are told that his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him. It seems that Abraham had himself brought them together while he lived. Let us not close the history of the life of Abraham without blessing God for such a testimony of the triumph of faith.
vv11-18
Ishmael had twelve sons, whose families became distinct tribes. They peopled a very large country that lay between Egypt and Assyria, called Arabia. The number and strength of this family were the fruit of the promise, made to Hagar and to Abraham, concerning Ishmael.
vv19-26
Isaac seems not to have been much tried, but to have spent his days in quietness. Jacob and Esau were prayed for; their parents, after being long childless, obtained them by prayer. The fulfilment of God's promise is always sure, yet it is often slow. The faith of believers is tried, their patience exercised, and mercies long waited for are more welcome when they come. Isaac and Rebekah kept in view the promise of all nations being blessed in their posterity, therefore were not only desirous of children, but anxious concerning every thing which seemed to mark their future character. In all our doubts we should inquire of the Lord by prayer. In many of our conflicts with sin and temptation, we may adopt Rebekah's words, “If it be so, why am I thus?” If a child of God, why so careless or carnal? If not a child of God, why so afraid of, or so burdened with sin?
Key Words
אַבְרָהָם: Abraham, the later name of Abram
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
יָסַף: to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
אִשָּׁה: a woman
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
קְטוּרָה: Keturah, a wife of Abraham
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
זִמְרָן: Zimran, a son of Abraham by Keturah
יׇקְשָׁן: Jokshan, an Arabian patriarch
מְדָן: Medan, a son of Abraham
Cross References
Genesis 25Fulfillment of prophecy that Ishmael would dwell and die in the presence of all his brethren.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul cites this oracle of election ("the elder shall serve the younger") to show God's sovereign purpose.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
New Testament explicitly labels Esau "profane" for selling his birthright for a single meal.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Confirms Abraham giving all his inheritance to Isaac, as recorded earlier in chapter 24.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of the promise that Abraham would die in a good old age.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise to make Ishmael fruitful and beget twelve princes.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
God declares His love for Jacob and hatred of Esau (Edom), reflecting their early division.
Supported by John Calvin
Hosea explicitly references Jacob taking his brother by the heel in the womb.
Supported by John Calvin
Confirms that Esau was later rejected when he desired to inherit the blessing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the list of Keturah's sons, explicitly designating her as Abraham's concubine.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The purchase and initial use of the cave of Machpelah for Sarah's burial.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Isaac's return to settle by the well Lahai-roi, where he previously journeyed.
Supported by John Calvin
Fulfillment of the prophecy: David subdues Edom, and they become servants to Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Esau bitterly recalls how Jacob took away both his birthright and his blessing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Defines the legal birthright in Israel, consisting of a double portion of the inheritance.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Bildad the Shuhite is linked genealogically to Abraham's son Shuah by Keturah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic mention of Midian and Ephah bringing gold and incense.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Previous sending away of Hagar and Ishmael matches sending away Keturah's sons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God establishes His covenant blessing specifically with Isaac after Abraham's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the genealogical record of the firstborn sons of Ishmael.
Supported by John Calvin
Isaac confirms to Esau that he has made Jacob his lord and master.
Supported by John Calvin
Isaac prophesies Esau's servile yoke under Jacob and his eventual rebellion.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Edom revolts from under the hand of Judah, matching Isaac's prophecy of rebellion.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the danger of the heart walking after the eyes to satisfy sensual desires.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Distinguishes the chosen line of Isaac from Abraham's other fleshly descendants.
Supported by JFB
Geographical boundaries from Havilah to Shur, matching Ishmael's dwelling place.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reiterates Padan-aram as the ancestral homeland for Isaac's wife Rebekah.
Supported by John Calvin
Jacob's quiet life "dwelling in tents" is praised as the lifestyle of faith.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Directly links Esau's descendents with the name Edom, meaning "Red."
Supported by Matthew Poole
The entire prophecy details the historical, deep-seated enmity between Jacob and Esau's descendants.
Supported by John Calvin