2 Chronicles21
New King James Version
1And Jehoshaphat rested with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the City of David. Then Jehoram his son reigned in his place.
2He had brothers, the sons of Jehoshaphat: Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azaryahu, Michael, and Shephatiah; all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.
3Their father gave them great gifts of silver and gold and precious things, with fortified cities in Judah; but he gave the kingdom to Jehoram, because he was the firstborn.
4Now when Jehoram was established over the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself and killed all his brothers with the sword, and also others of the princes of Israel.
5Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned eight years in Jerusalem.
6And he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, just as the house of Ahab had done, for he had the daughter of Ahab as a wife; and he did evil in the sight of the Lord.
7Yet the Lord would not destroy the house of David, because of the covenant that He had made with David, and since He had promised to give a lamp to him and to his sons forever.
8In his days Edom revolted against Judah’s authority, and made a king over themselves.
9So Jehoram went out with his officers, and all his chariots with him. And he rose by night and attacked the Edomites who had surrounded him and the captains of the chariots.
10Thus Edom has been in revolt against Judah’s authority to this day. At that time Libnah revolted against his rule, because he had forsaken the Lord God of his fathers.
11Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and caused the inhabitants of Jerusalem to commit harlotry, and led Judah astray.
12And a letter came to him from Elijah the prophet, saying, Thus says the Lord God of your father David: Because you have not walked in the ways of Jehoshaphat your father, or in the ways of Asa king of Judah,
13but have walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and have made Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the harlot like the harlotry of the house of Ahab, and also have killed your brothers, those of your father’s household, who were better than yourself,
14behold, the Lord will strike your people with a serious affliction—your children, your wives, and all your possessions;
15and you will become very sick with a disease of your intestines, until your intestines come out by reason of the sickness, day by day.
16Moreover the Lord stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabians who were near the Ethiopians.
17And they came up into Judah and invaded it, and carried away all the possessions that were found in the king’s house, and also his sons and his wives, so that there was not a son left to him except Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.
18After all this the Lord struck him in his intestines with an incurable disease.
19Then it happened in the course of time, after the end of two years, that his intestines came out because of his sickness; so he died in severe pain. And his people made no burning for him, like the burning for his fathers.
20He was thirty-two years old when he became king. He reigned in Jerusalem eight years and, to no one’s sorrow, departed. However they buried him in the City of David, but not in the tombs of the kings.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The wicked reign of Jehoram. (1–11). Jehoram's miserable end. (12–20).
vv1-11
Jehoram hated his brethren, and slew them, for the same reason that Cain hated Abel, and slew him, because their piety condemned his impiety. In the mystery of Providence such men sometimes prosper for a time; but the Lord has righteous purposes in permitting such events, part of which may now be made out, and the rest will be seen hereafter.
vv12-20
A warning from God was sent to Jehoram. The Spirit of prophecy might direct Elijah to prepare this writing in the foresight of Jehoram's crimes. He is plainly told that his sin should certainly ruin him. But no marvel that sinners are not frightened from sin, and to repentance, by the threatenings of misery in another world, when the certainty of misery in this world, the sinking of their estates, and the ruin of their health, will not restrain them from vicious courses. See Jehoram here stripped of all his comforts. Thus God plainly showed that the controversy was with him, and his house. He had slain all his brethren to strengthen himself; now, all his sons are slain but one. David's house must not be wholly destroyed, like those of Israel's kings, because a blessing was in it; that of the Messiah. Good men may be afflicted with diseases; but to them they are fatherly chastisements, and by the support of Divine consolations the soul may dwell at ease, even when the body lies in pain. To be sick and poor, sick and solitary, but especially to be sick and in sin, sick and under the curse of God, sick and without grace to bear it, is a most deplorable case. Wickedness and profaneness make men despicable, even in the eyes of those who have but little religion.
Key Words
יְהוֹשָׁפָט: Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem
שָׁכַב: to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עִם: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
קָבַר: to inter
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹרָם: Jehoram, the name of a Syrian and of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
Cross References
2 Chronicles 21Parallels God's refusal to destroy Judah for the sake of His covenant promise of a light to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Jehoram walking in Israel's ways due to marrying Ahab's daughter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the revolt of Edom and Libnah from under Judah's hand.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Relates to the law of the firstborn, which Jehoshaphat followed in assigning the kingdom to Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Isaac's ancient prophecy that Edom would eventually break Jacob's yoke from off his neck.
Supported by JFB
Relates to the chronological difficulty of Elijah's translation relative to the writing sent to Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the Philistines and Arabians bringing tribute to Jehoshaphat with their attacking Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Historically parallels Abimelech slaying his seventy brothers to secure his own tyrannical rule.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational Davidic covenant promising an enduring throne and mercy despite disobedience.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Asa's honorable funeral burning with the refusal of a public burning for Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Torah's warning of extraordinary, long-lasting plagues and severe sicknesses for covenant disobedience.
Parallels the judgment of dying unlamented without royal mourning, similar to Jehoiakim.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joash, who was also denied burial in the sepulchres of the kings.