2 Chronicles21
New International Version
1Then Jehoshaphat rested with his ancestors and was buried with them in the City of David. And Jehoram his son succeeded him as king.
2Jehoram’s brothers, the sons of Jehoshaphat, were Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael and Shephatiah. All these were sons of Jehoshaphat king of Israel.
3Their father had given them many gifts of silver and gold and articles of value, as well as fortified cities in Judah, but he had given the kingdom to Jehoram because he was his firstborn son.
4When Jehoram established himself firmly over his father’s kingdom, he put all his brothers to the sword along with some of the officials of Israel.
5Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years.
6He followed the ways of the kings of Israel, as the house of Ahab had done, for he married a daughter of Ahab. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord.
7Nevertheless, because of the covenant the Lord had made with David, the Lord was not willing to destroy the house of David. He had promised to maintain a lamp for him and his descendants forever.
8In the time of Jehoram, Edom rebelled against Judah and set up its own king.
9So Jehoram went there with his officers and all his chariots. The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but he rose up and broke through by night.
10To this day Edom has been in rebellion against Judah. Libnah revolted at the same time, because Jehoram had forsaken the Lord, the God of his ancestors.
11He had also built high places on the hills of Judah and had caused the people of Jerusalem to prostitute themselves and had led Judah astray.
12Jehoram received a letter from Elijah the prophet, which said: “This is what the Lord, the God of your father David, says: ‘You have not followed the ways of your father Jehoshaphat or of Asa king of Judah.
13But you have followed the ways of the kings of Israel, and you have led Judah and the people of Jerusalem to prostitute themselves, just as the house of Ahab did. You have also murdered your own brothers, members of your own family, men who were better than you.
14So now the Lord is about to strike your people, your sons, your wives and everything that is yours, with a heavy blow.
15You yourself will be very ill with a lingering disease of the bowels, until the disease causes your bowels to come out.’”
16The Lord aroused against Jehoram the hostility of the Philistines and of the Arabs who lived near the Cushites.
17They attacked Judah, invaded it and carried off all the goods found in the king’s palace, together with his sons and wives. Not a son was left to him except Ahaziah, the youngest.
18After all this, the Lord afflicted Jehoram with an incurable disease of the bowels.
19In the course of time, at the end of the second year, his bowels came out because of the disease, and he died in great pain. His people made no funeral fire in his honor, as they had for his predecessors.
20Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years. He passed away, to no one’s regret, and was buried in the City of David, but not in the tombs of the kings.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The wicked reign of Jehoram. (1–11). Jehoram's miserable end. (12–20).
vv1-11
Jehoram hated his brethren, and slew them, for the same reason that Cain hated Abel, and slew him, because their piety condemned his impiety. In the mystery of Providence such men sometimes prosper for a time; but the Lord has righteous purposes in permitting such events, part of which may now be made out, and the rest will be seen hereafter.
vv12-20
A warning from God was sent to Jehoram. The Spirit of prophecy might direct Elijah to prepare this writing in the foresight of Jehoram's crimes. He is plainly told that his sin should certainly ruin him. But no marvel that sinners are not frightened from sin, and to repentance, by the threatenings of misery in another world, when the certainty of misery in this world, the sinking of their estates, and the ruin of their health, will not restrain them from vicious courses. See Jehoram here stripped of all his comforts. Thus God plainly showed that the controversy was with him, and his house. He had slain all his brethren to strengthen himself; now, all his sons are slain but one. David's house must not be wholly destroyed, like those of Israel's kings, because a blessing was in it; that of the Messiah. Good men may be afflicted with diseases; but to them they are fatherly chastisements, and by the support of Divine consolations the soul may dwell at ease, even when the body lies in pain. To be sick and poor, sick and solitary, but especially to be sick and in sin, sick and under the curse of God, sick and without grace to bear it, is a most deplorable case. Wickedness and profaneness make men despicable, even in the eyes of those who have but little religion.
Key Words
יְהוֹשָׁפָט: Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem
שָׁכַב: to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עִם: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
קָבַר: to inter
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹרָם: Jehoram, the name of a Syrian and of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
Cross References
2 Chronicles 21Parallels God's refusal to destroy Judah for the sake of His covenant promise of a light to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Jehoram walking in Israel's ways due to marrying Ahab's daughter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the revolt of Edom and Libnah from under Judah's hand.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Relates to the law of the firstborn, which Jehoshaphat followed in assigning the kingdom to Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Isaac's ancient prophecy that Edom would eventually break Jacob's yoke from off his neck.
Supported by JFB
Relates to the chronological difficulty of Elijah's translation relative to the writing sent to Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the Philistines and Arabians bringing tribute to Jehoshaphat with their attacking Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Historically parallels Abimelech slaying his seventy brothers to secure his own tyrannical rule.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational Davidic covenant promising an enduring throne and mercy despite disobedience.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Asa's honorable funeral burning with the refusal of a public burning for Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Torah's warning of extraordinary, long-lasting plagues and severe sicknesses for covenant disobedience.
Parallels the judgment of dying unlamented without royal mourning, similar to Jehoiakim.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joash, who was also denied burial in the sepulchres of the kings.