2 Chronicles21
New Living Translation
1When Jehoshaphat died, he was buried with his ancestors in the City of David. Then his son Jehoram became the next king.
2Jehoram’s brothers—the other sons of Jehoshaphat—were Azariah, Jehiel, Zechariah, Azariahu, Michael, and Shephatiah; all these were the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Judah.
3Their father had given each of them valuable gifts of silver, gold, and costly items, and also some of Judah’s fortified towns. However, he designated Jehoram as the next king because he was the oldest.
4But when Jehoram had become solidly established as king, he killed all his brothers and some of the other leaders of Judah.
5Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years.
6But Jehoram followed the example of the kings of Israel and was as wicked as King Ahab, for he had married one of Ahab’s daughters. So Jehoram did what was evil in the Lord’s sight.
7But the Lord did not want to destroy David’s dynasty, for he had made a covenant with David and promised that his descendants would continue to rule, shining like a lamp forever.
8During Jehoram’s reign, the Edomites revolted against Judah and crowned their own king.
9So Jehoram went out with his full army and all his chariots. The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but he went out at night and attacked them under cover of darkness.
10Even so, Edom has been independent from Judah to this day. The town of Libnah also revolted about that same time. All this happened because Jehoram had abandoned the Lord, the God of his ancestors.
11He had built pagan shrines in the hill country of Judah and had led the people of Jerusalem and Judah to give themselves to pagan gods and to go astray.
12Then Elijah the prophet wrote Jehoram this letter: “This is what the Lord, the God of your ancestor David, says: You have not followed the good example of your father, Jehoshaphat, or your grandfather King Asa of Judah.
13Instead, you have been as evil as the kings of Israel. You have led the people of Jerusalem and Judah to worship idols, just as King Ahab did in Israel. And you have even killed your own brothers, men who were better than you.
14So now the Lord is about to strike you, your people, your children, your wives, and all that is yours with a heavy blow.
15You yourself will suffer with a severe intestinal disease that will get worse each day until your bowels come out.”
16Then the Lord stirred up the Philistines and the Arabs, who lived near the Ethiopians, to attack Jehoram.
17They marched against Judah, broke down its defenses, and carried away everything of value in the royal palace, including the king’s sons and his wives. Only his youngest son, Ahaziah, was spared.
18After all this, the Lord struck Jehoram with an incurable intestinal disease.
19The disease grew worse and worse, and at the end of two years it caused his bowels to come out, and he died in agony. His people did not build a great funeral fire to honor him as they had done for his ancestors.
20Jehoram was thirty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eight years. No one was sorry when he died. They buried him in the City of David, but not in the royal cemetery.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The wicked reign of Jehoram. (1–11). Jehoram's miserable end. (12–20).
vv1-11
Jehoram hated his brethren, and slew them, for the same reason that Cain hated Abel, and slew him, because their piety condemned his impiety. In the mystery of Providence such men sometimes prosper for a time; but the Lord has righteous purposes in permitting such events, part of which may now be made out, and the rest will be seen hereafter.
vv12-20
A warning from God was sent to Jehoram. The Spirit of prophecy might direct Elijah to prepare this writing in the foresight of Jehoram's crimes. He is plainly told that his sin should certainly ruin him. But no marvel that sinners are not frightened from sin, and to repentance, by the threatenings of misery in another world, when the certainty of misery in this world, the sinking of their estates, and the ruin of their health, will not restrain them from vicious courses. See Jehoram here stripped of all his comforts. Thus God plainly showed that the controversy was with him, and his house. He had slain all his brethren to strengthen himself; now, all his sons are slain but one. David's house must not be wholly destroyed, like those of Israel's kings, because a blessing was in it; that of the Messiah. Good men may be afflicted with diseases; but to them they are fatherly chastisements, and by the support of Divine consolations the soul may dwell at ease, even when the body lies in pain. To be sick and poor, sick and solitary, but especially to be sick and in sin, sick and under the curse of God, sick and without grace to bear it, is a most deplorable case. Wickedness and profaneness make men despicable, even in the eyes of those who have but little religion.
Key Words
יְהוֹשָׁפָט: Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem
שָׁכַב: to lie down (for rest, sexual connection, decease or any other purpose)
עִם: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
קָבַר: to inter
עִיר: a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
יְהוֹרָם: Jehoram, the name of a Syrian and of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
Cross References
2 Chronicles 21Parallels God's refusal to destroy Judah for the sake of His covenant promise of a light to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Jehoram walking in Israel's ways due to marrying Ahab's daughter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the revolt of Edom and Libnah from under Judah's hand.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Relates to the law of the firstborn, which Jehoshaphat followed in assigning the kingdom to Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Fulfills Isaac's ancient prophecy that Edom would eventually break Jacob's yoke from off his neck.
Supported by JFB
Relates to the chronological difficulty of Elijah's translation relative to the writing sent to Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the Philistines and Arabians bringing tribute to Jehoshaphat with their attacking Jehoram.
Supported by JFB
Historically parallels Abimelech slaying his seventy brothers to secure his own tyrannical rule.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational Davidic covenant promising an enduring throne and mercy despite disobedience.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Asa's honorable funeral burning with the refusal of a public burning for Jehoram.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Torah's warning of extraordinary, long-lasting plagues and severe sicknesses for covenant disobedience.
Parallels the judgment of dying unlamented without royal mourning, similar to Jehoiakim.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joash, who was also denied burial in the sepulchres of the kings.