2 Chronicles20
New Living Translation
1After this, the armies of the Moabites, Ammonites, and some of the Meunites declared war on Jehoshaphat.
2Messengers came and told Jehoshaphat, “A vast army from Edom is marching against you from beyond the Dead Sea. They are already at Hazazon-tamar.” (This was another name for En-gedi.)
3Jehoshaphat was terrified by this news and begged the Lord for guidance. He also ordered everyone in Judah to begin fasting.
4So people from all the towns of Judah came to Jerusalem to seek the Lord’s help.
5Jehoshaphat stood before the community of Judah and Jerusalem in front of the new courtyard at the Temple of the Lord.
6He prayed, “O Lord, God of our ancestors, you alone are the God who is in heaven. You are ruler of all the kingdoms of the earth. You are powerful and mighty; no one can stand against you!
7O our God, did you not drive out those who lived in this land when your people Israel arrived? And did you not give this land forever to the descendants of your friend Abraham?
8Your people settled here and built this Temple to honor your name.
9They said, ‘Whenever we are faced with any calamity such as war, plague, or famine, we can come to stand in your presence before this Temple where your name is honored. We can cry out to you to save us, and you will hear us and rescue us.’
10“And now see what the armies of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir are doing. You would not let our ancestors invade those nations when Israel left Egypt, so they went around them and did not destroy them.
11Now see how they reward us! For they have come to throw us out of your land, which you gave us as an inheritance.
12O our God, won’t you stop them? We are powerless against this mighty army that is about to attack us. We do not know what to do, but we are looking to you for help.”
13As all the men of Judah stood before the Lord with their little ones, wives, and children,
14the Spirit of the Lord came upon one of the men standing there. His name was Jahaziel son of Zechariah, son of Benaiah, son of Jeiel, son of Mattaniah, a Levite who was a descendant of Asaph.
15He said, “Listen, all you people of Judah and Jerusalem! Listen, King Jehoshaphat! This is what the Lord says: Do not be afraid! Don’t be discouraged by this mighty army, for the battle is not yours, but God’s.
16Tomorrow, march out against them. You will find them coming up through the ascent of Ziz at the end of the valley that opens into the wilderness of Jeruel.
17But you will not even need to fight. Take your positions; then stand still and watch the Lord’s victory. He is with you, O people of Judah and Jerusalem. Do not be afraid or discouraged. Go out against them tomorrow, for the Lord is with you!”
18Then King Jehoshaphat bowed low with his face to the ground. And all the people of Judah and Jerusalem did the same, worshiping the Lord.
19Then the Levites from the clans of Kohath and Korah stood to praise the Lord, the God of Israel, with a very loud shout.
20Early the next morning the army of Judah went out into the wilderness of Tekoa. On the way Jehoshaphat stopped and said, “Listen to me, all you people of Judah and Jerusalem! Believe in the Lord your God, and you will be able to stand firm. Believe in his prophets, and you will succeed.”
21After consulting the people, the king appointed singers to walk ahead of the army, singing to the Lord and praising him for his holy splendor. This is what they sang: “Give thanks to the Lord; his faithful love endures forever!”
22At the very moment they began to sing and give praise, the Lord caused the armies of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir to start fighting among themselves.
23The armies of Moab and Ammon turned against their allies from Mount Seir and killed every one of them. After they had destroyed the army of Seir, they began attacking each other.
24So when the army of Judah arrived at the lookout point in the wilderness, all they saw were dead bodies lying on the ground as far as they could see. Not a single one of the enemy had escaped.
25King Jehoshaphat and his men went out to gather the plunder. They found vast amounts of equipment, clothing, and other valuables—more than they could carry. There was so much plunder that it took them three days just to collect it all!
26On the fourth day they gathered in the Valley of Blessing, which got its name that day because the people praised and thanked the Lord there. It is still called the Valley of Blessing today.
27Then all the men returned to Jerusalem, with Jehoshaphat leading them, overjoyed that the Lord had given them victory over their enemies.
28They marched into Jerusalem to the music of harps, lyres, and trumpets, and they proceeded to the Temple of the Lord.
29When all the surrounding kingdoms heard that the Lord himself had fought against the enemies of Israel, the fear of God came over them.
30So Jehoshaphat’s kingdom was at peace, for his God had given him rest on every side.
31So Jehoshaphat ruled over the land of Judah. He was thirty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem twenty-five years. His mother was Azubah, the daughter of Shilhi.
32Jehoshaphat was a good king, following the ways of his father, Asa. He did what was pleasing in the Lord’s sight.
33During his reign, however, he failed to remove all the pagan shrines, and the people never fully committed themselves to follow the God of their ancestors.
34The rest of the events of Jehoshaphat’s reign, from beginning to end, are recorded in The Record of Jehu Son of Hanani, which is included in The Book of the Kings of Israel.
35Some time later King Jehoshaphat of Judah made an alliance with King Ahaziah of Israel, who was very wicked.
36Together they built a fleet of trading ships at the port of Ezion-geber.
37Then Eliezer son of Dodavahu from Mareshah prophesied against Jehoshaphat. He said, “Because you have allied yourself with King Ahaziah, the Lord will destroy your work.” So the ships met with disaster and never put out to sea.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The danger and distress of Judah. (1–13). Jahaziel's prophecy of victory. (14–19). The thanksgiving of Judah. (20–30). Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah. (31–37).
vv1-13
In all dangers, public or personal, our first business should be to seek help from God. Hence the advantage of days for national fasting and prayer. From the first to the last of our seeking the Lord, we must approach him with humiliation for our sins, trusting only in his mercy and power. Jehoshaphat acknowledges the sovereign dominion of the Divine Providence. Lord, exert it on our behalf. Whom should we seek to, whom should we trust to for relief, but the God we have chosen and served. Those that use what they have for God, may comfortably hope he will secure it to them. Every true believer is a son of Abraham, a friend of God; with such the everlasting covenant is established, to such every promise belongs. We are assured of God's love, by his dwelling in human nature in the person of the Saviour. Jehoshaphat mentions the temple, as a token of God's favourable presence. He pleads the injustice of his enemies. We may well appeal to God against those that render us evil for good. Though he had a great army, he said, We have no might without thee; we rely upon thee.
vv14-19
The Spirit of prophecy came upon a Levite in the midst of the congregation. The Spirit, like the wind, blows where and on whom He listeth. He encouraged them to trust in God. Let the Christian soldier go out against his spiritual enemies, and the God of peace will make him more than a conqueror. Our trials will prove our gain. The advantage will be all our own, but the whole glory must be given to God.
vv20-30
Jehoshaphat exhorted his troops to firm faith in God. Faith inspires a man with true courage; nor will any thing help more to the establishing of the heart in shaking times, than a firm belief of the power, and mercy, and promise of God. In all our trust in the Lord, and our praises of him, let us especially look at his everlasting mercy to sinners through Jesus Christ. Never was an army so destroyed as that of the enemy. Thus God often makes wicked people destroy one another. And never was a victory celebrated with more solemn thanksgivings.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
עִם: adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then usually unrepresented in English)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
מְעוּנִי: a Meunite, or inhabitant of Maon (only in plural)
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְהוֹשָׁפָט: Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem
מִלְחָמָה: a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)
רַב: abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
הָמוֹן: a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
Cross References
2 Chronicles 20Shows the aftermath where Jehoshaphat, warned by God's judgment, refused Ahaziah's next offer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the rare title given to Abraham as 'thy friend' ('the friend of God').
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly parallel designation of Abraham as the friend of God in covenant relation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Exhibits identical language: 'Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord.'
Supported by JFB
The location where Jehoshaphat stood was the brazen scaffold built by Solomon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the practice of gathering entire families, including little ones and infants, for national fasts.
Supported by JFB
The precise Levitical anthem sung: 'Praise the Lord; for his mercy endureth for ever.'
Supported by JFB
The parallel account in Kings of the ships of Tarshish being broken at Ezion-geber.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Hazezon-tamar as Engedi, utilizing its ancient historical name.
Supported by JFB
Jehoshaphat's fear was fueled by Jehu's recent prophecy of wrath against him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Solomon's temple dedication prayer, which Jehoshaphat quotes verbatim regarding judgment, pestilence, and famine.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
God's explicit command forbidding Israel from invading or taking Mount Seir from Esau.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical precedent of God throwing invading enemies into mutual self-destruction.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The established Davidic order of Levitical singers who led the praises.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic link identifying the Valley of Jehoshaphat (decision/judgment) with the Valley of Berachah.
Supported by Matthew Henry