Genesis 14NLT
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Genesis14

New Living Translation

1About this time war broke out in the region. King Amraphel of Babylonia, King Arioch of Ellasar, King Kedorlaomer of Elam, and King Tidal of Goiim

2fought against King Bera of Sodom, King Birsha of Gomorrah, King Shinab of Admah, King Shemeber of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (also called Zoar).

3This second group of kings joined forces in Siddim Valley (that is, the valley of the Dead Sea).

4For twelve years they had been subject to King Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled against him.

5One year later Kedorlaomer and his allies arrived and defeated the Rephaites at Ashteroth-karnaim, the Zuzites at Ham, the Emites at Shaveh-kiriathaim,

6and the Horites at Mount Seir, as far as El-paran at the edge of the wilderness.

7Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat (now called Kadesh) and conquered all the territory of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites living in Hazazon-tamar.

8Then the rebel kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Bela (also called Zoar) prepared for battle in the valley of the Dead Sea.

9They fought against King Kedorlaomer of Elam, King Tidal of Goiim, King Amraphel of Babylonia, and King Arioch of Ellasar—four kings against five.

10As it happened, the valley of the Dead Sea was filled with tar pits. And as the army of the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some fell into the tar pits, while the rest escaped into the mountains.

11The victorious invaders then plundered Sodom and Gomorrah and headed for home, taking with them all the spoils of war and the food supplies.

12They also captured Lot—Abram’s nephew who lived in Sodom—and carried off everything he owned.

13But one of Lot’s men escaped and reported everything to Abram the Hebrew, who was living near the oak grove belonging to Mamre the Amorite. Mamre and his relatives, Eshcol and Aner, were Abram’s allies.

14When Abram heard that his nephew Lot had been captured, he mobilized the 318 trained men who had been born into his household. Then he pursued Kedorlaomer’s army until he caught up with them at Dan.

15There he divided his men and attacked during the night. Kedorlaomer’s army fled, but Abram chased them as far as Hobah, north of Damascus.

16Abram recovered all the goods that had been taken, and he brought back his nephew Lot with his possessions and all the women and other captives.

17After Abram returned from his victory over Kedorlaomer and all his allies, the king of Sodom went out to meet him in the valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley).

18And Melchizedek, the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High, brought Abram some bread and wine.

19Melchizedek blessed Abram with this blessing: “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth.

20And blessed be God Most High, who has defeated your enemies for you.” Then Abram gave Melchizedek a tenth of all the goods he had recovered.

21The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give back my people who were captured. But you may keep for yourself all the goods you have recovered.”

22Abram replied to the king of Sodom, “I solemnly swear to the Lord, God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth,

23that I will not take so much as a single thread or sandal thong from what belongs to you. Otherwise you might say, ‘I am the one who made Abram rich.’

24I will accept only what my young warriors have already eaten, and I request that you give a fair share of the goods to my allies—Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 14.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The battle of the kings, Lot is taken prisoner. (1–12). Abram rescues Lot. (13–16). Melchizedek blesses Abram. (17–20). Abram restores the spoil. (21–24).

vv1-12

The wars of nations make great figure in history, but we should not have had the record of this war if Abram and Lot had not been concerned. Out of covetousness, Lot had settled in fruitful, but wicked Sodom. Its inhabitants were the most ripe for vengeance of all the descendants of Canaan. The invaders were from Chaldea and Persia, then only small kingdoms. They took Lot among the rest, and his goods. Though he was righteous, and Abram's brother's son, yet he was with the rest in this trouble. Neither our own piety, nor our relation to the favourites of Heaven, will be our security when God's judgments are abroad. Many an honest man fares the worse for his wicked neighbours: it is our wisdom to separate, or at least to distinguish ourselves from them, 2Co 6:17. So near a relation of Abram should have been a companion and a disciple of Abram. If he chose to dwell in Sodom, he must thank himself if he share in Sodom's losses. When we go out of the way of our duty, we put ourselves from under God's protection, and cannot expect that the choice made by our lusts, should end to our comfort. They took Lot's goods; it is just with God to deprive us of enjoyments, by which we suffer ourselves to be deprived of the enjoyment of him.

vv13-16

Abram takes this opportunity to give a real proof of his being truly friendly to Lot. We ought to be ready to succour those in distress, especially relations and friends. And though others may have been wanting in their duty to us, yet we must not neglect our duty to them. Abram rescued the captives. As we have opportunity, we must do good to all.

vv17-20

Melchizedek is spoken of as a king of Salem, supposed to be the place afterwards called Jerusalem, and it is generally thought that he was only a man. The words of the apostle, Heb 7:3, state only, that the sacred history has said nothing of his ancestors. The silence of the Scriptures on this, is to raise our thoughts to Him, whose generation cannot be declared. Bread and wine were suitable refreshment for the weary followers of Abram; and it is remarkable that Christ appointed the same as the memorials of his body and blood, which are meat and drink indeed to the soul. Melchizedek blessed Abram from God. He blessed God from Abram. We ought to give thanks for other's mercies as for our own. Jesus Christ, our great High Priest, is the Mediator both of our prayers and praises, and not only offers up ours, but his own for us. Abram gave him the tenth of the spoils, Heb 7:4. When we have received some great mercy from God, it is very fit we should express our thankfulness by some special act of pious charity. Jesus Christ, our great Melchisedek, is to have homage done him, and to be humbly acknowledged as our King and Priest; not only the tithe of all, but all we have, must be given up to him.

Cross References

Genesis 14
v18Hebrews 7:1allusion

New Testament identification of Melchizedek as king of Salem and priest of the Most High God.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v18Hebrews 7:2allusion

Explicates Melchizedek's name (King of Righteousness) and title (King of Peace/Salem), and Abram's tithes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Psalms 110:4typology

The foundational Messianic prophecy declaring the coming King-Priest after the order of Melchizedek.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v20Hebrews 7:4-9thematic

Theological exposition on the greatness of Melchizedek evidenced by Abram giving him a tenth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Revelation 10:5allusion

Abram's physical action of lifting his hand to swear is a classic posture of a solemn oath.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Genesis 14:19thematic

Abram repeats Melchizedek's exact formula of praise, 'the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth'.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Paul refuses financial support to avoid giving critics a ground for boasting, paralleling Abram's refusal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Hebrews 5:6typology

Connects Melchizedek's priesthood directly to Jesus Christ's eternal priesthood.

Supported by JFB

v232 Kings 5:16contrast

Elisha refuses Naaman's gifts to ensure all glory goes to God, reflecting Abram's noble refusal.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Daniel 5:17thematic

Daniel refuses Belshazzar's gifts, preferring to remain independent of pagan royal wealth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Genesis 14:13thematic

Identifies the allies Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre who joined Abram and are entitled to their share.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v5Genesis 15:20thematic

Identifies the Rephaims, a fierce giant-like people listed among the inhabitants of Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Confirms the Horites' ancient habitation in Mount Seir before Esau's descendants dispossessed them.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Genesis 13:12thematic

Explains Lot's capture, as he had previously chosen to pitch his tent toward Sodom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

God Himself uses the gesture of lifting up the hand to swear a solemn oath.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Esther 9:15thematic

The Jews in Esther's day slew their enemies but laid no hands on the spoil, mimicking Abram.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Proverbs 10:22thematic

The blessing of the Lord makes rich; Abram wants wealth from God alone, not Sodom.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Genesis 13:18thematic

Establishes Abram's dwelling place at the plain of Mamre, which is in Hebron.

Supported by John Calvin

v14Isaiah 41:2thematic

Prophetic description of the 'righteous man from the east' whom God gave victory over kings.

Abram protects his allies' right to receive their due portion, respecting justice over personal asceticism.

Supported by John Calvin

v2Genesis 19:24thematic

The eventual catastrophic destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, whose kings fought here.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Genesis 11:27thematic

Genealogical connection confirming Lot's relationship to Abram as his brother's son.

v18Psalms 76:2thematic

Equates Salem, Melchizedek's realm, with Zion/Jerusalem, God's dwelling place.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v14Genesis 15:3thematic

Verifies Abram's household size by referencing servants born in his own house.

v18Proverbs 3:9thematic

Thematic principle of honoring the Lord with one's substance, echoing Abram's tithes.

Supported by JFB