2 Samuel 12NKJV
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2 Samuel12

New King James Version

1Then the Lord sent Nathan to David. And he came to him, and said to him: “There were two men in one city, one rich and the other poor.

2The rich man had exceedingly many flocks and herds.

3But the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb which he had bought and nourished; and it grew up together with him and with his children. It ate of his own food and drank from his own cup and lay in his bosom; and it was like a daughter to him.

4And a traveler came to the rich man, who refused to take from his own flock and from his own herd to prepare one for the wayfaring man who had come to him; but he took the poor man’s lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”

5So David’s anger was greatly aroused against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As the Lord lives, the man who has done this shall surely die!

6And he shall restore fourfold for the lamb, because he did this thing and because he had no pity.”

7Then Nathan said to David, “You are the man! Thus says the Lord God of Israel: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you from the hand of Saul.

8I gave you your master’s house and your master’s wives into your keeping, and gave you the house of Israel and Judah. And if that had been too little, I also would have given you much more!

9Why have you despised the commandment of the Lord, to do evil in His sight? You have killed Uriah the Hittite with the sword; you have taken his wife to be your wife, and have killed him with the sword of the people of Ammon.

10Now therefore, the sword shall never depart from your house, because you have despised Me, and have taken the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your wife.’

11Thus says the Lord: ‘Behold, I will raise up adversity against you from your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes and give them to your neighbor, and he shall lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.

12For you did it secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, before the sun.’ ”

13So David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord.” And Nathan said to David, “The Lord also has put away your sin; you shall not die.

14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you shall surely die.”

15Then Nathan departed to his house. And the Lord struck the child that Uriah’s wife bore to David, and it became ill.

16David therefore pleaded with God for the child, and David fasted and went in and lay all night on the ground.

17So the elders of his house arose and went to him, to raise him up from the ground. But he would not, nor did he eat food with them.

18Then on the seventh day it came to pass that the child died. And the servants of David were afraid to tell him that the child was dead. For they said, “Indeed, while the child was alive, we spoke to him, and he would not heed our voice. How can we tell him that the child is dead? He may do some harm!”

19When David saw that his servants were whispering, David perceived that the child was dead. Therefore David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?” And they said, “He is dead.”

20So David arose from the ground, washed and anointed himself, and changed his clothes; and he went into the house of the Lord and worshiped. Then he went to his own house; and when he requested, they set food before him, and he ate.

21Then his servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive, but when the child died, you arose and ate food.”

22And he said, “While the child was alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who can tell whether the Lord will be gracious to me, that the child may live?’

23But now he is dead; why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he shall not return to me.”

24Then David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her and lay with her. So she bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. Now the Lord loved him,

25and He sent word by the hand of Nathan the prophet: So he called his name Jedidiah, because of the Lord.

26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the people of Ammon, and took the royal city.

27And Joab sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah, and I have taken the city’s water supply.

28Now therefore, gather the rest of the people together and encamp against the city and take it, lest I take the city and it be called after my name.”

29So David gathered all the people together and went to Rabbah, fought against it, and took it.

30Then he took their king’s crown from his head. Its weight was a talent of gold, with precious stones. And it was set on David’s head. Also he brought out the spoil of the city in great abundance.

31And he brought out the people who were in it, and put them to work with saws and iron picks and iron axes, and made them cross over to the brick works. So he did to all the cities of the people of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).

vv1-14

God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.

vv15-25

David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”

vv26-31

To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.

Cross References

2 Samuel 12
v6Exodus 22:1thematic

David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 16:22fulfillment

Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Psalms 51:1-19thematic

The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v6Proverbs 6:31thematic

Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v82 Samuel 12:11thematic

God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Isaiah 52:5thematic

Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v82 Samuel 3:7thematic

Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 2:22thematic

Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.

Supported by JFB

Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 38:24thematic

Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 15:24contrast

Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.

Supported by JFB

v262 Samuel 11:1thematic

Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.

Supported by JFB