2 Samuel 12NIV
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2 Samuel12

New International Version

1The Lord sent Nathan to David. When he came to him, he said, “There were two men in a certain town, one rich and the other poor.

2The rich man had a very large number of sheep and cattle,

3but the poor man had nothing except one little ewe lamb he had bought. He raised it, and it grew up with him and his children. It shared his food, drank from his cup and even slept in his arms. It was like a daughter to him.

4“Now a traveler came to the rich man, but the rich man refrained from taking one of his own sheep or cattle to prepare a meal for the traveler who had come to him. Instead, he took the ewe lamb that belonged to the poor man and prepared it for the one who had come to him.”

5David burned with anger against the man and said to Nathan, “As surely as the Lord lives, the man who did this must die!

6He must pay for that lamb four times over, because he did such a thing and had no pity.”

7Then Nathan said to David, “You are the man! This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you from the hand of Saul.

8I gave your master’s house to you, and your master’s wives into your arms. I gave you all Israel and Judah. And if all this had been too little, I would have given you even more.

9Why did you despise the word of the Lord by doing what is evil in his eyes? You struck down Uriah the Hittite with the sword and took his wife to be your own. You killed him with the sword of the Ammonites.

10Now, therefore, the sword will never depart from your house, because you despised me and took the wife of Uriah the Hittite to be your own.’

11“This is what the Lord says: ‘Out of your own household I am going to bring calamity on you. Before your very eyes I will take your wives and give them to one who is close to you, and he will sleep with your wives in broad daylight.

12You did it in secret, but I will do this thing in broad daylight before all Israel.’”

13Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the Lord.” Nathan replied, “The Lord has taken away your sin. You are not going to die.

14But because by doing this you have shown utter contempt for the Lord, the son born to you will die.”

15After Nathan had gone home, the Lord struck the child that Uriah’s wife had borne to David, and he became ill.

16David pleaded with God for the child. He fasted and spent the nights lying in sackcloth on the ground.

17The elders of his household stood beside him to get him up from the ground, but he refused, and he would not eat any food with them.

18On the seventh day the child died. David’s attendants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they thought, “While the child was still living, he wouldn’t listen to us when we spoke to him. How can we now tell him the child is dead? He may do something desperate.”

19David noticed that his attendants were whispering among themselves, and he realized the child was dead. “Is the child dead?” he asked. “Yes,” they replied, “he is dead.”

20Then David got up from the ground. After he had washed, put on lotions and changed his clothes, he went into the house of the Lord and worshiped. Then he went to his own house, and at his request they served him food, and he ate.

21His attendants asked him, “Why are you acting this way? While the child was alive, you fasted and wept, but now that the child is dead, you get up and eat!”

22He answered, “While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept. I thought, ‘Who knows? The Lord may be gracious to me and let the child live.’

23But now that he is dead, why should I go on fasting? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”

24Then David comforted his wife Bathsheba, and he went to her and made love to her. She gave birth to a son, and they named him Solomon. The Lord loved him;

25and because the Lord loved him, he sent word through Nathan the prophet to name him Jedidiah.

26Meanwhile Joab fought against Rabbah of the Ammonites and captured the royal citadel.

27Joab then sent messengers to David, saying, “I have fought against Rabbah and taken its water supply.

28Now muster the rest of the troops and besiege the city and capture it. Otherwise I will take the city, and it will be named after me.”

29So David mustered the entire army and went to Rabbah, and attacked and captured it.

30David took the crown from their king’s head, and it was placed on his own head. It weighed a talent of gold, and it was set with precious stones. David took a great quantity of plunder from the city

31and brought out the people who were there, consigning them to labor with saws and with iron picks and axes, and he made them work at brickmaking. David did this to all the Ammonite towns. Then he and his entire army returned to Jerusalem.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Nathan's parable—David confesses his sin. (1–14). The birth of Solomon. (15–25). David's severity to the Ammonites. (26–31).

vv1-14

God will not suffer his people to lie still in sin. By this parable Nathan drew from David a sentence against himself. Great need there is of prudence in giving reproofs. In his application, he was faithful. He says in plain terms, Thou art the man. God shows how much he hates sin, even in his own people; and wherever he finds it, he will not let it go unpunished. David says not a word to excuse himself or make light of his sin, but freely owns it. When David said, I have sinned, and Nathan perceived that he was a true penitent, he assured him his sin was forgiven. Thou shalt not die: that is, not die eternally, nor be for ever put away from God, as thou wouldest have been, if thou hadst not put away the sin. Though thou shalt all thy days be chastened of the Lord, yet thou shalt not be condemned with the world. There is this great evil in the sins of those who profess religion and relation to God, that they furnish the enemies of God and religion with matter for reproach and blasphemy. And it appears from David's case, that even where pardon is obtained, the Lord will visit the transgression of his people with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. For one momentary gratification of a vile lust, David had to endure many days and years of extreme distress.

vv15-25

David now penned the 51st Psalm, in which, though he had been assured that his sin was pardoned, he prays earnestly for pardon, and greatly laments his sin. He was willing to bear the shame of it, to have it ever before him, to be continually upbraided with it. God gives us leave to be earnest with him in prayer for particular blessings, from trust in his power and general mercy, though we have no particular promise to build upon. David patiently submitted to the will of God in the death of one child, and God made up the loss to his advantage, in the birth of another. The way to have creature comforts continued or restored, or the loss made up some other way, is cheerfully to resign them to God. God, by his grace, particularly owned and favoured that son, and ordered him to be called Jedidiah, Beloved of the Lord. Our prayers for our children are graciously and as fully answered when some of them die in their infancy, for they are well taken care of, and when others live, “beloved of the Lord.”

vv26-31

To be thus severe in putting the children of Ammon to slavery was a sign that David's heart was not yet made soft by repentance, at the time when this took place. We shall be most compassionate, kind, and forgiving to others, when we most feel our need of the Lord's forgiving love, and taste the sweetness of it in our own souls.

Cross References

2 Samuel 12
v6Exodus 22:1thematic

David mandates a fourfold restitution, matching the exact judicial penalty specified in Exodus 22:1.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 16:22fulfillment

Absalom openly lies with David's concubines on the roof, fulfilling Nathan's prophecy of public judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The precise historical event of David ordering Uriah's death by the sword of Ammon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Psalms 51:1-19thematic

The penitential psalm composed by David specifically in response to Nathan's confrontation of his sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v6Proverbs 6:31thematic

Parallels David's pronouncement of a fourfold restoration for the stolen lamb.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v82 Samuel 12:11thematic

God contrasts the abundant blessings given to David with his shameful taking of another's wife.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v14Isaiah 52:5thematic

Illustrates how the sins of God's people cause His name to be blasphemed among unbelievers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v82 Samuel 3:7thematic

Reflects the ancient custom where taking the former king's wives/women asserted royal succession rights.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 2:22thematic

Shows how claiming the previous king's harem was viewed as claiming the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah and the ongoing war with Ammon.

Supported by JFB

Parallel text detailing David taking the heavy crown of the Ammonite king.

Supported by JFB

v5Genesis 38:24thematic

Parallels self-righteous anger where one quickly condemns others while blind to their own guilt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v131 Samuel 15:24contrast

Contrasts Saul's superficial, excuse-laden confession with David's sincere, immediate repentance.

Supported by Matthew Henry

God's promise concerning Solomon's birth, naming, and destiny as a man of peace.

Supported by JFB

v262 Samuel 11:1thematic

Connects the end of the war at Rabbah back to its beginning in chapter 11.

Supported by JFB