2 Samuel11
New International Version
1In the spring, at the time when kings go off to war, David sent Joab out with the king’s men and the whole Israelite army. They destroyed the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah. But David remained in Jerusalem.
2One evening David got up from his bed and walked around on the roof of the palace. From the roof he saw a woman bathing. The woman was very beautiful,
3and David sent someone to find out about her. The man said, “She is Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam and the wife of Uriah the Hittite.”
4Then David sent messengers to get her. She came to him, and he slept with her. (Now she was purifying herself from her monthly uncleanness.) Then she went back home.
5The woman conceived and sent word to David, saying, “I am pregnant.”
6So David sent this word to Joab: “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” And Joab sent him to David.
7When Uriah came to him, David asked him how Joab was, how the soldiers were and how the war was going.
8Then David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” So Uriah left the palace, and a gift from the king was sent after him.
9But Uriah slept at the entrance to the palace with all his master’s servants and did not go down to his house.
10David was told, “Uriah did not go home.” So he asked Uriah, “Haven’t you just come from a military campaign? Why didn’t you go home?”
11Uriah said to David, “The ark and Israel and Judah are staying in tents, and my commander Joab and my lord’s men are camped in the open country. How could I go to my house to eat and drink and make love to my wife? As surely as you live, I will not do such a thing!”
12Then David said to him, “Stay here one more day, and tomorrow I will send you back.” So Uriah remained in Jerusalem that day and the next.
13At David’s invitation, he ate and drank with him, and David made him drunk. But in the evening Uriah went out to sleep on his mat among his master’s servants; he did not go home.
14In the morning David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it with Uriah.
15In it he wrote, “Put Uriah out in front where the fighting is fiercest. Then withdraw from him so he will be struck down and die.”
16So while Joab had the city under siege, he put Uriah at a place where he knew the strongest defenders were.
17When the men of the city came out and fought against Joab, some of the men in David’s army fell; moreover, Uriah the Hittite died.
18Joab sent David a full account of the battle.
19He instructed the messenger: “When you have finished giving the king this account of the battle,
20the king’s anger may flare up, and he may ask you, ‘Why did you get so close to the city to fight? Didn’t you know they would shoot arrows from the wall?
21Who killed Abimelek son of Jerub-Besheth? Didn’t a woman drop an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died in Thebez? Why did you get so close to the wall?’ If he asks you this, then say to him, ‘Moreover, your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead.’”
22The messenger set out, and when he arrived he told David everything Joab had sent him to say.
23The messenger said to David, “The men overpowered us and came out against us in the open, but we drove them back to the entrance of the city gate.
24Then the archers shot arrows at your servants from the wall, and some of the king’s men died. Moreover, your servant Uriah the Hittite is dead.”
25David told the messenger, “Say this to Joab: ‘Don’t let this upset you; the sword devours one as well as another. Press the attack against the city and destroy it.’ Say this to encourage Joab.”
26When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband was dead, she mourned for him.
27After the time of mourning was over, David had her brought to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing David had done displeased the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David's adultery. (1–5). He tries to conceal his crime. (6–13). Uriah murdered. (14–27).
vv1-5
Observe the occasions of David's sin; what led to it. 1. Neglect of his business. He tarried at Jerusalem. When we are out of the way of our duty, we are in temptation. 2. Love of ease: idleness gives great advantage to the tempter. 3. A wandering eye. He had not, like Job, made a covenant with his eyes, or, at this time, he had forgotten it. And observe the steps of the sin. See how the way of sin is down-hill; when men begin to do evil, they cannot soon stop. Observe the aggravations of the sin. How could David rebuke or punish that in others, of which he was conscious that he himself was guilty?
vv6-13
Giving way to sin hardens the heart, and provokes the departure of the Holy Spirit. Robbing a man of his reason, is worse than robbing him of his money; and drawing him into sin, is worse than drawing him into any wordly trouble whatever.
vv14-27
Adulteries often occasion murders, and one wickedness is sought to be covered by another. The beginnings of sin are much to be dreaded; for who knows where they will end? Can a real believer ever tread this path? Can such a person be indeed a child of God? Though grace be not lost in such an awful case, the assurance and consolation of it must be suspended. All David's life, spirituality, and comfort in religion, we may be sure were lost. No man in such a case can have evidence to be satisfied that he is a believer. The higher a man's confidence is, who has sunk in wickedness, the greater his presumption and hypocrisy. Let not any one who resembles David in nothing but his transgressions, bolster up his confidence with this example. Let him follow David in his humiliation, repentance, and his other eminent graces, before he thinks himself only a backslider, and not a hypocrite. Let no opposer of the truth say, These are the fruits of faith! No; they are the effects of corrupt nature. Let us all watch against the beginnings of self-indulgence, and keep at the utmost distance from all evil. But with the Lord there is mercy and plenteous redemption. He will cast out no humble, penitent believer; nor will he suffer Satan to pluck his sheep out of his hand. Yet the Lord will recover his people, in such a way as will mark his abhorrence of their crimes, to hinder all who regard his word from abusing the encouragements of his mercy.
Key Words
תְּשׁוּבָה: a recurrence (of time or place); a reply (as returned)
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יוֹאָב: Joab, the name of three Israelites
עֶבֶד: a servant
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
Cross References
2 Samuel 11Nathan's direct indictment of David's plot: slaying Uriah with the sword of the Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Joab directly cites the historical precedent of Abimelech's ignominious death by a woman's millstone.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms Bath-sheba (Bathshua) as the daughter of Eliam (Ammiel), and mother of Solomon.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Lists Uriah as one of David's elite 'mighty men', compounding the betrayal of his loyalty.
Supported by JFB
The definitive divine verdict on David, noting his life was perfect except in this matter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels Jezebel's treacherous use of letters under royal seal to orchestrate Naboth's judicial murder.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Saul's plot to let the Philistines kill David parallels David's plot against Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The conclusion of the siege of Rabbah, which is finally captured later in chapter 12.
Supported by JFB
The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah while David remained in Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Job's proactive covenant with his eyes contrasted with David's unguarded, wandering look.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ's exposition of the seventh commandment matches David's internal sin upon seeing Bath-sheba.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ceremonial law requiring purification, confirming the timeline and certainty of Bath-sheba's pregnancy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's desperate prayer for deliverance from 'bloodguiltiness' after murdering Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Uses identical Hebrew phrasing for a human action that 'displeased the Lord'.
Supported by Matthew Poole