1 Kings15
New International Version
1In the eighteenth year of the reign of Jeroboam son of Nebat, Abijah became king of Judah,
2and he reigned in Jerusalem three years. His mother’s name was Maakah daughter of Abishalom.
3He committed all the sins his father had done before him; his heart was not fully devoted to the Lord his God, as the heart of David his forefather had been.
4Nevertheless, for David’s sake the Lord his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem by raising up a son to succeed him and by making Jerusalem strong.
5For David had done what was right in the eyes of the Lord and had not failed to keep any of the Lord’s commands all the days of his life—except in the case of Uriah the Hittite.
6There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam throughout Abijah’s lifetime.
7As for the other events of Abijah’s reign, and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah? There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.
8And Abijah rested with his ancestors and was buried in the City of David. And Asa his son succeeded him as king.
9In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Asa became king of Judah,
10and he reigned in Jerusalem forty-one years. His grandmother’s name was Maakah daughter of Abishalom.
11Asa did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, as his father David had done.
12He expelled the male shrine prostitutes from the land and got rid of all the idols his ancestors had made.
13He even deposed his grandmother Maakah from her position as queen mother, because she had made a repulsive image for the worship of Asherah. Asa cut it down and burned it in the Kidron Valley.
14Although he did not remove the high places, Asa’s heart was fully committed to the Lord all his life.
15He brought into the temple of the Lord the silver and gold and the articles that he and his father had dedicated.
16There was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel throughout their reigns.
17Baasha king of Israel went up against Judah and fortified Ramah to prevent anyone from leaving or entering the territory of Asa king of Judah.
18Asa then took all the silver and gold that was left in the treasuries of the Lord’s temple and of his own palace. He entrusted it to his officials and sent them to Ben-Hadad son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, the king of Aram, who was ruling in Damascus.
19“Let there be a treaty between me and you,” he said, “as there was between my father and your father. See, I am sending you a gift of silver and gold. Now break your treaty with Baasha king of Israel so he will withdraw from me.”
20Ben-Hadad agreed with King Asa and sent the commanders of his forces against the towns of Israel. He conquered Ijon, Dan, Abel Beth Maakah and all Kinnereth in addition to Naphtali.
21When Baasha heard this, he stopped building Ramah and withdrew to Tirzah.
22Then King Asa issued an order to all Judah—no one was exempt—and they carried away from Ramah the stones and timber Baasha had been using there. With them King Asa built up Geba in Benjamin, and also Mizpah.
23As for all the other events of Asa’s reign, all his achievements, all he did and the cities he built, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Judah? In his old age, however, his feet became diseased.
24Then Asa rested with his ancestors and was buried with them in the city of his father David. And Jehoshaphat his son succeeded him as king.
25Nadab son of Jeroboam became king of Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel two years.
26He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, following the ways of his father and committing the same sin his father had caused Israel to commit.
27Baasha son of Ahijah from the tribe of Issachar plotted against him, and he struck him down at Gibbethon, a Philistine town, while Nadab and all Israel were besieging it.
28Baasha killed Nadab in the third year of Asa king of Judah and succeeded him as king.
29As soon as he began to reign, he killed Jeroboam’s whole family. He did not leave Jeroboam anyone that breathed, but destroyed them all, according to the word of the Lord given through his servant Ahijah the Shilonite.
30This happened because of the sins Jeroboam had committed and had caused Israel to commit, and because he aroused the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel.
31As for the other events of Nadab’s reign, and all he did, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Israel?
32There was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel throughout their reigns.
33In the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha son of Ahijah became king of all Israel in Tirzah, and he reigned twenty-four years.
34He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, following the ways of Jeroboam and committing the same sin Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 15.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Wicked reign of Abijam, king of Judah. (1–8). Good reign of Asa, king of Judah. (9–24). The evil reigns of Nadab and Baasha in Israel. (25–34).
vv1-8
Abijam's heart was not perfect with the Lord his God; he wanted sincerity; he began well, but he fell off, and walked in all the sins of his father, following his bad example, though he had seen the bad consequences of it. David's family was continued as a lamp in Jerusalem, to maintain the true worship of God there, when the light of Divine truth was extinguished in all other places. The Lord has still taken care of his cause, while those who ought to have been serviceable thereto have lived and perished in their sins. The Son of David will still continue a light to his church, to establish it in truth and righteousness to the end of time. There are two kinds of fulfilling the law, one legal, the other by the gospel. Legal is, when men do all things required in the law, and that by themselves. None ever thus fulfilled the law but Christ, and Adam before his fall. The gospel manner of fulfilling the law is, to believe in Christ who fulfilled the law for us, and to endeavour in the whole man to obey God in all his precepts. And this is accepted of God, as to all those that are in Christ. Thus David and others are said to fulfil the law.
vv9-24
Asa did what was right in the eyes of the Lord. That is right indeed which is so in God's eyes. Asa's times were times of reformation. He removed that which was evil; there reformation begins, and a great deal he found to do. When Asa found idolatry in the court, he rooted it out thence. Reformation must begin at home. Asa honours and respects his mother; he loves her well, but he loves God better. Those that have power are happy when thus they have hearts to use it well. We must not only cease to do evil, but learn to do well; not only cast away the idols of our iniquity, but dedicate ourselves and our all to God's honour and glory. Asa was cordially devoted to the service of God, his sins not arising from presumption. But his league with Benhadad arose from unbelief. Even true believers find it hard, in times of urgent danger, to trust in the Lord with all their heart. Unbelief makes way for carnal policy, and thus for one sin after another. Unbelief has often led Christians to call in the help of the Lord's enemies in their contests with their brethren; and some who once shone brightly, have thus been covered with a dark cloud towards the end of their days.
vv25-34
During the single reign of Asa in Judah, the government of Israel was in six or seven different hands. Observe the ruin of the family of Jeroboam; no word of God shall fall to the ground. Divine threatenings are not designed merely to terrify. Ungodly men execute the just judgments of God upon each other. But in the midst of dreadful sins and this apparent confusion, the Lord carries on his own plan: when it is fully completed, the glorious justice, wisdom, truth, and mercy therein displayed, shall be admired and adored through all the ages of eternity.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יָרׇבְעָם: Jarobam, the name of two Israelite kings
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
נְבָט: Nebat, the father of Jeroboam I
אֲבִיָּם: Abijam (or Abijah), a king of Judah
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
Cross References
1 Kings 15Explicit parallel of the promise of a "lamp" (or light) in Jerusalem for David's sake.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Asa removing Maachah from being queen because of her idol.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Maachah's parentage and alternative name (Michaiah) in the parallel record.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Detailed parallel account of Asa's alliance with Ben-hadad against Baasha.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Ahijah's prophecy concerning the total destruction of Jeroboam's house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Describes the war between Abijam (Abijah) and Jeroboam mentioned in this verse.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes the origin of the continuous war inherited from Rehoboam's reign.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides detail on Asa's foot disease and his turning to physicians instead of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The concrete historical incident of Uriah the Hittite, David's singular noted deviation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Asa reverses the moral degradation (sodomites) introduced during Rehoboam's reign.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel record of Asa bringing the dedicated things into the temple.
Supported by JFB
New Testament mention of the brook Kidron, where Asa burned the idol.
Supported by JFB
Similar historical instance of a king of Judah buying off Syria with temple gold.
Supported by JFB
Historical location of Abel-beth-maachah, which Ben-hadad's forces smote.
Supported by JFB
Lists Asa and Jehoshaphat in the royal genealogy of Jesus Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry