2 Chronicles 13NIV
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2 Chronicles13

New International Version

1In the eighteenth year of the reign of Jeroboam, Abijah became king of Judah,

2and he reigned in Jerusalem three years. His mother’s name was Maakah, a daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

3Abijah went into battle with an army of four hundred thousand able fighting men, and Jeroboam drew up a battle line against him with eight hundred thousand able troops.

4Abijah stood on Mount Zemaraim, in the hill country of Ephraim, and said, “Jeroboam and all Israel, listen to me!

5Don’t you know that the Lord, the God of Israel, has given the kingship of Israel to David and his descendants forever by a covenant of salt?

6Yet Jeroboam son of Nebat, an official of Solomon son of David, rebelled against his master.

7Some worthless scoundrels gathered around him and opposed Rehoboam son of Solomon when he was young and indecisive and not strong enough to resist them.

8“And now you plan to resist the kingdom of the Lord, which is in the hands of David’s descendants. You are indeed a vast army and have with you the golden calves that Jeroboam made to be your gods.

9But didn’t you drive out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and make priests of your own as the peoples of other lands do? Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may become a priest of what are not gods.

10“As for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken him. The priests who serve the Lord are sons of Aaron, and the Levites assist them.

11Every morning and evening they present burnt offerings and fragrant incense to the Lord. They set out the bread on the ceremonially clean table and light the lamps on the gold lampstand every evening. We are observing the requirements of the Lord our God. But you have forsaken him.

12God is with us; he is our leader. His priests with their trumpets will sound the battle cry against you. People of Israel, do not fight against the Lord, the God of your ancestors, for you will not succeed.”

13Now Jeroboam had sent troops around to the rear, so that while he was in front of Judah the ambush was behind them.

14Judah turned and saw that they were being attacked at both front and rear. Then they cried out to the Lord. The priests blew their trumpets

15and the men of Judah raised the battle cry. At the sound of their battle cry, God routed Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.

16The Israelites fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hands.

17Abijah and his troops inflicted heavy losses on them, so that there were five hundred thousand casualties among Israel’s able men.

18The Israelites were subdued on that occasion, and the people of Judah were victorious because they relied on the Lord, the God of their ancestors.

19Abijah pursued Jeroboam and took from him the towns of Bethel, Jeshanah and Ephron, with their surrounding villages.

20Jeroboam did not regain power during the time of Abijah. And the Lord struck him down and he died.

21But Abijah grew in strength. He married fourteen wives and had twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.

22The other events of Abijah’s reign, what he did and what he said, are written in the annotations of the prophet Iddo.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 13.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Abijah overcomes Jeroboam. (1-22).

vv1-22

Jeroboam and his people, by apostacy and idolatry, merited the severe punishment Abijah was permitted to execute upon them. It appears from the character of Abijah, 1Ki 15:3, that he was not himself truly religious, yet he encouraged himself from the religion of his people. It is common for those that deny the power of godliness, to boast of the form of it. Many that have little religion themselves, value it in others. But it was true that there were numbers of pious worshippers in Judah, and that theirs was the more righteous cause. In their distress, when danger was on every side, which way should they look for deliverance unless upward? It is an unspeakable comfort, that our way thither is always open. They cried unto the Lord. Earnest prayer is crying. To the cry of prayer they added the shout of faith, and became more than conquerors. Jeroboam escaped the sword of Abijah, but God struck him; there is no escaping his sword.

Cross References

2 Chronicles 13
v21 Kings 15:2thematic

Parallel account of Abijah's mother (Maachah/Michaiah), daughter of Absalom/Uriel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Numbers 18:19thematic

Establishes the definition of a 'covenant of salt' as a perpetual, unbreakable covenant.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The foundational covenant promise of an enduring kingdom to the house of David.

Supported by JFB

Records Jeroboam casting out the Levitical priests, forcing their flight to Judah.

Supported by JFB

v12Numbers 10:9thematic

The Mosaic mandate for sounding trumpets in war as a pledge of God's remembrance.

Supported by JFB

v21 Kings 15:7thematic

The primary parallel text summarizing the ongoing war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

Supported by JFB

v31 Kings 15:3contrast

Contrasts Abijah's godly rhetoric in Chronicles with his actual ungodly heart recorded in Kings.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 12:28thematic

Jeroboam setting up the golden calves as gods for Israel, rejecting Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Kings 13:33thematic

Documents Jeroboam consecrating anyone who wished to be a priest of high places.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Provides the census context explaining the massive military numbers available to both kingdoms.

Supported by JFB

v61 Kings 11:26thematic

Identifies Jeroboam as the servant of Solomon who lifted up his hand against the king.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Exodus 32:4thematic

Echoes the original sin of the golden calf proclaimed as 'thy gods' in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v201 Kings 14:20thematic

Chronicles the reign and eventual death of Jeroboam shortly after Abijah.

Supported by JFB

Refers to the writings of Iddo the prophet as an authoritative historical source.

Supported by Matthew Poole