2 Chronicles 13NKJV
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2 Chronicles13

New King James Version

1In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam, Abijah became king over Judah.

2He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Michaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. And there was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

3Abijah set the battle in order with an army of valiant warriors, four hundred thousand choice men. Jeroboam also drew up in battle formation against him with eight hundred thousand choice men, mighty men of valor.

4Then Abijah stood on Mount Zemaraim, which is in the mountains of Ephraim, and said, “Hear me, Jeroboam and all Israel:

5Should you not know that the Lord God of Israel gave the dominion over Israel to David forever, to him and his sons, by a covenant of salt?

6Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up and rebelled against his lord.

7Then worthless rogues gathered to him, and strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and inexperienced and could not withstand them.

8And now you think to withstand the kingdom of the Lord, which is in the hand of the sons of David; and you are a great multitude, and with you are the gold calves which Jeroboam made for you as gods.

9Have you not cast out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and made for yourselves priests, like the peoples of other lands, so that whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may be a priest of things that are not gods?

10But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not forsaken Him; and the priests who minister to the Lord are the sons of Aaron, and the Levites attend to their duties.

11And they burn to the Lord every morning and every evening burnt sacrifices and sweet incense; they also set the showbread in order on the pure gold table, and the lampstand of gold with its lamps to burn every evening; for we keep the command of the Lord our God, but you have forsaken Him.

12Now look, God Himself is with us as our head, and His priests with sounding trumpets to sound the alarm against you. O children of Israel, do not fight against the Lord God of your fathers, for you shall not prosper!”

13But Jeroboam caused an ambush to go around behind them; so they were in front of Judah, and the ambush was behind them.

14And when Judah looked around, to their surprise the battle line was at both front and rear; and they cried out to the Lord, and the priests sounded the trumpets.

15Then the men of Judah gave a shout; and as the men of Judah shouted, it happened that God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.

16And the children of Israel fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hand.

17Then Abijah and his people struck them with a great slaughter; so five hundred thousand choice men of Israel fell slain.

18Thus the children of Israel were subdued at that time; and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on the Lord God of their fathers.

19And Abijah pursued Jeroboam and took cities from him: Bethel with its villages, Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephrain with its villages.

20So Jeroboam did not recover strength again in the days of Abijah; and the Lord struck him, and he died.

21But Abijah grew mighty, married fourteen wives, and begot twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.

22Now the rest of the acts of Abijah, his ways, and his sayings are written in the annals of the prophet Iddo.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 13.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Abijah overcomes Jeroboam. (1-22).

vv1-22

Jeroboam and his people, by apostacy and idolatry, merited the severe punishment Abijah was permitted to execute upon them. It appears from the character of Abijah, 1Ki 15:3, that he was not himself truly religious, yet he encouraged himself from the religion of his people. It is common for those that deny the power of godliness, to boast of the form of it. Many that have little religion themselves, value it in others. But it was true that there were numbers of pious worshippers in Judah, and that theirs was the more righteous cause. In their distress, when danger was on every side, which way should they look for deliverance unless upward? It is an unspeakable comfort, that our way thither is always open. They cried unto the Lord. Earnest prayer is crying. To the cry of prayer they added the shout of faith, and became more than conquerors. Jeroboam escaped the sword of Abijah, but God struck him; there is no escaping his sword.

Cross References

2 Chronicles 13
v21 Kings 15:2thematic

Parallel account of Abijah's mother (Maachah/Michaiah), daughter of Absalom/Uriel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Numbers 18:19thematic

Establishes the definition of a 'covenant of salt' as a perpetual, unbreakable covenant.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The foundational covenant promise of an enduring kingdom to the house of David.

Supported by JFB

Records Jeroboam casting out the Levitical priests, forcing their flight to Judah.

Supported by JFB

v12Numbers 10:9thematic

The Mosaic mandate for sounding trumpets in war as a pledge of God's remembrance.

Supported by JFB

v21 Kings 15:7thematic

The primary parallel text summarizing the ongoing war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

Supported by JFB

v31 Kings 15:3contrast

Contrasts Abijah's godly rhetoric in Chronicles with his actual ungodly heart recorded in Kings.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 12:28thematic

Jeroboam setting up the golden calves as gods for Israel, rejecting Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Kings 13:33thematic

Documents Jeroboam consecrating anyone who wished to be a priest of high places.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Provides the census context explaining the massive military numbers available to both kingdoms.

Supported by JFB

v61 Kings 11:26thematic

Identifies Jeroboam as the servant of Solomon who lifted up his hand against the king.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Exodus 32:4thematic

Echoes the original sin of the golden calf proclaimed as 'thy gods' in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v201 Kings 14:20thematic

Chronicles the reign and eventual death of Jeroboam shortly after Abijah.

Supported by JFB

Refers to the writings of Iddo the prophet as an authoritative historical source.

Supported by Matthew Poole