2 Chronicles13
New Living Translation
1Abijah began to rule over Judah in the eighteenth year of Jeroboam’s reign in Israel.
2He reigned in Jerusalem three years. His mother was Maacah, the daughter of Uriel from Gibeah. Then war broke out between Abijah and Jeroboam.
3Judah, led by King Abijah, fielded 400,000 select warriors, while Jeroboam mustered 800,000 select troops from Israel.
4When the army of Judah arrived in the hill country of Ephraim, Abijah stood on Mount Zemaraim and shouted to Jeroboam and all Israel: “Listen to me!
5Don’t you realize that the Lord, the God of Israel, made a lasting covenant with David, giving him and his descendants the throne of Israel forever?
6Yet Jeroboam son of Nebat, a mere servant of David’s son Solomon, rebelled against his master.
7Then a whole gang of scoundrels joined him, defying Solomon’s son Rehoboam when he was young and inexperienced and could not stand up to them.
8“Do you really think you can stand against the kingdom of the Lord that is led by the descendants of David? You may have a vast army, and you have those gold calves that Jeroboam made as your gods.
9But you have chased away the priests of the Lord (the descendants of Aaron) and the Levites, and you have appointed your own priests, just like the pagan nations. You let anyone become a priest these days! Whoever comes to be dedicated with a young bull and seven rams can become a priest of these so-called gods of yours!
10“But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not abandoned him. Only the descendants of Aaron serve the Lord as priests, and the Levites alone may help them in their work.
11They present burnt offerings and fragrant incense to the Lord every morning and evening. They place the Bread of the Presence on the holy table, and they light the gold lampstand every evening. We are following the instructions of the Lord our God, but you have abandoned him.
12So you see, God is with us. He is our leader. His priests blow their trumpets and lead us into battle against you. O people of Israel, do not fight against the Lord, the God of your ancestors, for you will not succeed!”
13Meanwhile, Jeroboam had secretly sent part of his army around behind the men of Judah to ambush them.
14When Judah realized that they were being attacked from the front and the rear, they cried out to the Lord for help. Then the priests blew the trumpets,
15and the men of Judah began to shout. At the sound of their battle cry, God defeated Jeroboam and all Israel and routed them before Abijah and the army of Judah.
16The Israelite army fled from Judah, and God handed them over to Judah in defeat.
17Abijah and his army inflicted heavy losses on them; 500,000 of Israel’s select troops were killed that day.
18So Judah defeated Israel on that occasion because they trusted in the Lord, the God of their ancestors.
19Abijah and his army pursued Jeroboam’s troops and captured some of his towns, including Bethel, Jeshanah, and Ephron, along with their surrounding villages.
20So Jeroboam of Israel never regained his power during Abijah’s lifetime, and finally the Lord struck him down and he died.
21Meanwhile, Abijah of Judah grew more and more powerful. He married fourteen wives and had twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.
22The rest of the events of Abijah’s reign, including his words and deeds, are recorded in The Commentary of Iddo the Prophet.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Abijah overcomes Jeroboam. (1-22).
vv1-22
Jeroboam and his people, by apostacy and idolatry, merited the severe punishment Abijah was permitted to execute upon them. It appears from the character of Abijah, 1Ki 15:3, that he was not himself truly religious, yet he encouraged himself from the religion of his people. It is common for those that deny the power of godliness, to boast of the form of it. Many that have little religion themselves, value it in others. But it was true that there were numbers of pious worshippers in Judah, and that theirs was the more righteous cause. In their distress, when danger was on every side, which way should they look for deliverance unless upward? It is an unspeakable comfort, that our way thither is always open. They cried unto the Lord. Earnest prayer is crying. To the cry of prayer they added the shout of faith, and became more than conquerors. Jeroboam escaped the sword of Abijah, but God struck him; there is no escaping his sword.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יָרׇבְעָם: Jarobam, the name of two Israelite kings
אֲבִיָּה: Abijah, the name of several Israelite men and two Israelitesses
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
אֵם: a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like father))
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
Cross References
2 Chronicles 13Parallel account of Abijah's mother (Maachah/Michaiah), daughter of Absalom/Uriel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Establishes the definition of a 'covenant of salt' as a perpetual, unbreakable covenant.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The foundational covenant promise of an enduring kingdom to the house of David.
Supported by JFB
Records Jeroboam casting out the Levitical priests, forcing their flight to Judah.
Supported by JFB
The Mosaic mandate for sounding trumpets in war as a pledge of God's remembrance.
Supported by JFB
The primary parallel text summarizing the ongoing war between Abijah and Jeroboam.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts Abijah's godly rhetoric in Chronicles with his actual ungodly heart recorded in Kings.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Jeroboam setting up the golden calves as gods for Israel, rejecting Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Documents Jeroboam consecrating anyone who wished to be a priest of high places.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Provides the census context explaining the massive military numbers available to both kingdoms.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Jeroboam as the servant of Solomon who lifted up his hand against the king.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Echoes the original sin of the golden calf proclaimed as 'thy gods' in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Chronicles the reign and eventual death of Jeroboam shortly after Abijah.
Supported by JFB
Refers to the writings of Iddo the prophet as an authoritative historical source.
Supported by Matthew Poole