2 Chronicles 13WEB
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2 Chronicles13

World English Bible · Public Domain

1In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam, Abijah began to reign over Judah.

2He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Micaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

3Abijah joined battle with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men; and Jeroboam set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, who were mighty men of valor.

4Abijah stood up on Mount Zemaraim, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, and said, “Hear me, Jeroboam and all Israel:

5Ought you not to know that Yahweh, the God of Israel, gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?

6Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up, and rebelled against his lord.

7Worthless men were gathered to him, wicked fellows who strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tender hearted, and could not withstand them.

8“Now you intend to withstand the kingdom of Yahweh in the hand of the sons of David. You are a great multitude, and the golden calves which Jeroboam made you for gods are with you.

9Haven’t you driven out the priests of Yahweh, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and made priests for yourselves according to the ways of the peoples of other lands? Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may be a priest of those who are no gods.

10“But as for us, Yahweh is our God, and we have not forsaken him. We have priests serving Yahweh, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites in their work.

11They burn to Yahweh every morning and every evening burnt offerings and sweet incense. They also set the show bread in order on the pure table, and care for the gold lamp stand with its lamps, to burn every evening; for we keep the instruction of Yahweh our God, but you have forsaken him.

12Behold, God is with us at our head, and his priests with the trumpets of alarm to sound an alarm against you. Children of Israel, don’t fight against Yahweh, the God of your fathers; for you will not prosper.”

13But Jeroboam caused an ambush to come about behind them; so they were before Judah, and the ambush was behind them.

14When Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind them; and they cried to Yahweh, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.

15Then the men of Judah gave a shout. As the men of Judah shouted, God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.

16The children of Israel fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hand.

17Abijah and his people killed them with a great slaughter, so five hundred thousand chosen men of Israel fell down slain.

18Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on Yahweh, the God of their fathers.

19Abijah pursued Jeroboam, and took cities from him: Bethel with its villages, Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephron with its villages.

20Jeroboam didn’t recover strength again in the days of Abijah. Yahweh struck him, and he died.

21But Abijah grew mighty and took for himself fourteen wives, and became the father of twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.

22The rest of the acts of Abijah, his ways, and his sayings are written in the commentary of the prophet Iddo.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 13.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Abijah overcomes Jeroboam. (1-22).

vv1-22

Jeroboam and his people, by apostacy and idolatry, merited the severe punishment Abijah was permitted to execute upon them. It appears from the character of Abijah, 1Ki 15:3, that he was not himself truly religious, yet he encouraged himself from the religion of his people. It is common for those that deny the power of godliness, to boast of the form of it. Many that have little religion themselves, value it in others. But it was true that there were numbers of pious worshippers in Judah, and that theirs was the more righteous cause. In their distress, when danger was on every side, which way should they look for deliverance unless upward? It is an unspeakable comfort, that our way thither is always open. They cried unto the Lord. Earnest prayer is crying. To the cry of prayer they added the shout of faith, and became more than conquerors. Jeroboam escaped the sword of Abijah, but God struck him; there is no escaping his sword.

Cross References

2 Chronicles 13
v21 Kings 15:2thematic

Parallel account of Abijah's mother (Maachah/Michaiah), daughter of Absalom/Uriel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Numbers 18:19thematic

Establishes the definition of a 'covenant of salt' as a perpetual, unbreakable covenant.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The foundational covenant promise of an enduring kingdom to the house of David.

Supported by JFB

Records Jeroboam casting out the Levitical priests, forcing their flight to Judah.

Supported by JFB

v12Numbers 10:9thematic

The Mosaic mandate for sounding trumpets in war as a pledge of God's remembrance.

Supported by JFB

v21 Kings 15:7thematic

The primary parallel text summarizing the ongoing war between Abijah and Jeroboam.

Supported by JFB

v31 Kings 15:3contrast

Contrasts Abijah's godly rhetoric in Chronicles with his actual ungodly heart recorded in Kings.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 12:28thematic

Jeroboam setting up the golden calves as gods for Israel, rejecting Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Kings 13:33thematic

Documents Jeroboam consecrating anyone who wished to be a priest of high places.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Provides the census context explaining the massive military numbers available to both kingdoms.

Supported by JFB

v61 Kings 11:26thematic

Identifies Jeroboam as the servant of Solomon who lifted up his hand against the king.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Exodus 32:4thematic

Echoes the original sin of the golden calf proclaimed as 'thy gods' in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v201 Kings 14:20thematic

Chronicles the reign and eventual death of Jeroboam shortly after Abijah.

Supported by JFB

Refers to the writings of Iddo the prophet as an authoritative historical source.

Supported by Matthew Poole