2 Samuel11
World English Bible · Public Domain
1At the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, David sent Joab and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem.
2At evening, David arose from his bed and walked on the roof of the king’s house. From the roof, he saw a woman bathing, and the woman was very beautiful to look at.
3David sent and inquired after the woman. One said, “Isn’t this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, Uriah the Hittite’s wife?”
4David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.
5The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, “I am with child.”
6David sent to Joab, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” Joab sent Uriah to David.
7When Uriah had come to him, David asked him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.
8David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” Uriah departed out of the king’s house, and a gift from the king was sent after him.
9But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and didn’t go down to his house.
10When they had told David, saying, “Uriah didn’t go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Haven’t you come from a journey? Why didn’t you go down to your house?”
11Uriah said to David, “The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab and the servants of my lord are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!”
12David said to Uriah, “Stay here today also, and tomorrow I will let you depart.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next day.
13When David had called him, he ate and drank before him; and he made him drunk. At evening, he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but didn’t go down to his house.
14In the morning, David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
15He wrote in the letter, saying, “Send Uriah to the forefront of the hottest battle, and retreat from him, that he may be struck and die.”
16When Joab kept watch on the city, he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew that valiant men were.
17The men of the city went out and fought with Joab. Some of the people fell, even of David’s servants; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
18Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
19and he commanded the messenger, saying, “When you have finished telling all the things concerning the war to the king,
20it shall be that, if the king’s wrath arise, and he asks you, ‘Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Didn’t you know that they would shoot from the wall?
21Who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn’t a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’”
22So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.
23The messenger said to David, “The men prevailed against us, and came out to us into the field; and we were on them even to the entrance of the gate.
24The shooters shot at your servants from off the wall; and some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.”
25Then David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab, ‘Don’t let this thing displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Make your battle stronger against the city, and overthrow it.’ Encourage him.”
26When Uriah’s wife heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.
27When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased Yahweh.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David's adultery. (1–5). He tries to conceal his crime. (6–13). Uriah murdered. (14–27).
vv1-5
Observe the occasions of David's sin; what led to it. 1. Neglect of his business. He tarried at Jerusalem. When we are out of the way of our duty, we are in temptation. 2. Love of ease: idleness gives great advantage to the tempter. 3. A wandering eye. He had not, like Job, made a covenant with his eyes, or, at this time, he had forgotten it. And observe the steps of the sin. See how the way of sin is down-hill; when men begin to do evil, they cannot soon stop. Observe the aggravations of the sin. How could David rebuke or punish that in others, of which he was conscious that he himself was guilty?
vv6-13
Giving way to sin hardens the heart, and provokes the departure of the Holy Spirit. Robbing a man of his reason, is worse than robbing him of his money; and drawing him into sin, is worse than drawing him into any wordly trouble whatever.
vv14-27
Adulteries often occasion murders, and one wickedness is sought to be covered by another. The beginnings of sin are much to be dreaded; for who knows where they will end? Can a real believer ever tread this path? Can such a person be indeed a child of God? Though grace be not lost in such an awful case, the assurance and consolation of it must be suspended. All David's life, spirituality, and comfort in religion, we may be sure were lost. No man in such a case can have evidence to be satisfied that he is a believer. The higher a man's confidence is, who has sunk in wickedness, the greater his presumption and hypocrisy. Let not any one who resembles David in nothing but his transgressions, bolster up his confidence with this example. Let him follow David in his humiliation, repentance, and his other eminent graces, before he thinks himself only a backslider, and not a hypocrite. Let no opposer of the truth say, These are the fruits of faith! No; they are the effects of corrupt nature. Let us all watch against the beginnings of self-indulgence, and keep at the utmost distance from all evil. But with the Lord there is mercy and plenteous redemption. He will cast out no humble, penitent believer; nor will he suffer Satan to pluck his sheep out of his hand. Yet the Lord will recover his people, in such a way as will mark his abhorrence of their crimes, to hinder all who regard his word from abusing the encouragements of his mercy.
Key Words
תְּשׁוּבָה: a recurrence (of time or place); a reply (as returned)
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יוֹאָב: Joab, the name of three Israelites
עֶבֶד: a servant
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
Cross References
2 Samuel 11Nathan's direct indictment of David's plot: slaying Uriah with the sword of the Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Joab directly cites the historical precedent of Abimelech's ignominious death by a woman's millstone.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms Bath-sheba (Bathshua) as the daughter of Eliam (Ammiel), and mother of Solomon.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Lists Uriah as one of David's elite 'mighty men', compounding the betrayal of his loyalty.
Supported by JFB
The definitive divine verdict on David, noting his life was perfect except in this matter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels Jezebel's treacherous use of letters under royal seal to orchestrate Naboth's judicial murder.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Saul's plot to let the Philistines kill David parallels David's plot against Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The conclusion of the siege of Rabbah, which is finally captured later in chapter 12.
Supported by JFB
The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah while David remained in Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Job's proactive covenant with his eyes contrasted with David's unguarded, wandering look.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ's exposition of the seventh commandment matches David's internal sin upon seeing Bath-sheba.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ceremonial law requiring purification, confirming the timeline and certainty of Bath-sheba's pregnancy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's desperate prayer for deliverance from 'bloodguiltiness' after murdering Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Uses identical Hebrew phrasing for a human action that 'displeased the Lord'.
Supported by Matthew Poole