2 Samuel11
New Living Translation
1In the spring of the year, when kings normally go out to war, David sent Joab and the Israelite army to fight the Ammonites. They destroyed the Ammonite army and laid siege to the city of Rabbah. However, David stayed behind in Jerusalem.
2Late one afternoon, after his midday rest, David got out of bed and was walking on the roof of the palace. As he looked out over the city, he noticed a woman of unusual beauty taking a bath.
3He sent someone to find out who she was, and he was told, “She is Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam and the wife of Uriah the Hittite.”
4Then David sent messengers to get her; and when she came to the palace, he slept with her. She had just completed the purification rites after having her menstrual period. Then she returned home.
5Later, when Bathsheba discovered that she was pregnant, she sent David a message, saying, “I’m pregnant.”
6Then David sent word to Joab: “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” So Joab sent him to David.
7When Uriah arrived, David asked him how Joab and the army were getting along and how the war was progressing.
8Then he told Uriah, “Go on home and relax.” David even sent a gift to Uriah after he had left the palace.
9But Uriah didn’t go home. He slept that night at the palace entrance with the king’s palace guard.
10When David heard that Uriah had not gone home, he summoned him and asked, “What’s the matter? Why didn’t you go home last night after being away for so long?”
11Uriah replied, “The Ark and the armies of Israel and Judah are living in tents, and Joab and my master’s men are camping in the open fields. How could I go home to wine and dine and sleep with my wife? I swear that I would never do such a thing.”
12“Well, stay here today,” David told him, “and tomorrow you may return to the army.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next.
13Then David invited him to dinner and got him drunk. But even then he couldn’t get Uriah to go home to his wife. Again he slept at the palace entrance with the king’s palace guard.
14So the next morning David wrote a letter to Joab and gave it to Uriah to deliver.
15The letter instructed Joab, “Station Uriah on the front lines where the battle is fiercest. Then pull back so that he will be killed.”
16So Joab assigned Uriah to a spot close to the city wall where he knew the enemy’s strongest men were fighting.
17And when the enemy soldiers came out of the city to fight, Uriah the Hittite was killed along with several other Israelite soldiers.
18Then Joab sent a battle report to David.
19He told his messenger, “Report all the news of the battle to the king.
20But he might get angry and ask, ‘Why did the troops go so close to the city? Didn’t they know there would be shooting from the walls?
21Wasn’t Abimelech son of Gideon killed at Thebez by a woman who threw a millstone down on him from the wall? Why would you get so close to the wall?’ Then tell him, ‘Uriah the Hittite was killed, too.’”
22So the messenger went to Jerusalem and gave a complete report to David.
23“The enemy came out against us in the open fields,” he said. “And as we chased them back to the city gate,
24the archers on the wall shot arrows at us. Some of the king’s men were killed, including Uriah the Hittite.”
25“Well, tell Joab not to be discouraged,” David said. “The sword devours this one today and that one tomorrow! Fight harder next time, and conquer the city!”
26When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband was dead, she mourned for him.
27When the period of mourning was over, David sent for her and brought her to the palace, and she became one of his wives. Then she gave birth to a son. But the Lord was displeased with what David had done.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 11.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David's adultery. (1–5). He tries to conceal his crime. (6–13). Uriah murdered. (14–27).
vv1-5
Observe the occasions of David's sin; what led to it. 1. Neglect of his business. He tarried at Jerusalem. When we are out of the way of our duty, we are in temptation. 2. Love of ease: idleness gives great advantage to the tempter. 3. A wandering eye. He had not, like Job, made a covenant with his eyes, or, at this time, he had forgotten it. And observe the steps of the sin. See how the way of sin is down-hill; when men begin to do evil, they cannot soon stop. Observe the aggravations of the sin. How could David rebuke or punish that in others, of which he was conscious that he himself was guilty?
vv6-13
Giving way to sin hardens the heart, and provokes the departure of the Holy Spirit. Robbing a man of his reason, is worse than robbing him of his money; and drawing him into sin, is worse than drawing him into any wordly trouble whatever.
vv14-27
Adulteries often occasion murders, and one wickedness is sought to be covered by another. The beginnings of sin are much to be dreaded; for who knows where they will end? Can a real believer ever tread this path? Can such a person be indeed a child of God? Though grace be not lost in such an awful case, the assurance and consolation of it must be suspended. All David's life, spirituality, and comfort in religion, we may be sure were lost. No man in such a case can have evidence to be satisfied that he is a believer. The higher a man's confidence is, who has sunk in wickedness, the greater his presumption and hypocrisy. Let not any one who resembles David in nothing but his transgressions, bolster up his confidence with this example. Let him follow David in his humiliation, repentance, and his other eminent graces, before he thinks himself only a backslider, and not a hypocrite. Let no opposer of the truth say, These are the fruits of faith! No; they are the effects of corrupt nature. Let us all watch against the beginnings of self-indulgence, and keep at the utmost distance from all evil. But with the Lord there is mercy and plenteous redemption. He will cast out no humble, penitent believer; nor will he suffer Satan to pluck his sheep out of his hand. Yet the Lord will recover his people, in such a way as will mark his abhorrence of their crimes, to hinder all who regard his word from abusing the encouragements of his mercy.
Key Words
תְּשׁוּבָה: a recurrence (of time or place); a reply (as returned)
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יָצָא: to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
יוֹאָב: Joab, the name of three Israelites
עֶבֶד: a servant
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
Cross References
2 Samuel 11Nathan's direct indictment of David's plot: slaying Uriah with the sword of the Ammonites.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Joab directly cites the historical precedent of Abimelech's ignominious death by a woman's millstone.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms Bath-sheba (Bathshua) as the daughter of Eliam (Ammiel), and mother of Solomon.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Lists Uriah as one of David's elite 'mighty men', compounding the betrayal of his loyalty.
Supported by JFB
The definitive divine verdict on David, noting his life was perfect except in this matter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels Jezebel's treacherous use of letters under royal seal to orchestrate Naboth's judicial murder.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Saul's plot to let the Philistines kill David parallels David's plot against Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The conclusion of the siege of Rabbah, which is finally captured later in chapter 12.
Supported by JFB
The parallel account of Joab's siege of Rabbah while David remained in Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Job's proactive covenant with his eyes contrasted with David's unguarded, wandering look.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ's exposition of the seventh commandment matches David's internal sin upon seeing Bath-sheba.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ceremonial law requiring purification, confirming the timeline and certainty of Bath-sheba's pregnancy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David's desperate prayer for deliverance from 'bloodguiltiness' after murdering Uriah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Uses identical Hebrew phrasing for a human action that 'displeased the Lord'.
Supported by Matthew Poole