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Job31

New International Version

1“I made a covenant with my eyes not to look lustfully at a young woman.

2For what is our lot from God above, our heritage from the Almighty on high?

3Is it not ruin for the wicked, disaster for those who do wrong?

4Does he not see my ways and count my every step?

5“If I have walked with falsehood or my foot has hurried after deceit—

6let God weigh me in honest scales and he will know that I am blameless—

7if my steps have turned from the path, if my heart has been led by my eyes, or if my hands have been defiled,

8then may others eat what I have sown, and may my crops be uprooted.

9“If my heart has been enticed by a woman, or if I have lurked at my neighbor’s door,

10then may my wife grind another man’s grain, and may other men sleep with her.

11For that would have been wicked, a sin to be judged.

12It is a fire that burns to Destruction; it would have uprooted my harvest.

13“If I have denied justice to any of my servants, whether male or female, when they had a grievance against me,

14what will I do when God confronts me? What will I answer when called to account?

15Did not he who made me in the womb make them? Did not the same one form us both within our mothers?

16“If I have denied the desires of the poor or let the eyes of the widow grow weary,

17if I have kept my bread to myself, not sharing it with the fatherless—

18but from my youth I reared them as a father would, and from my birth I guided the widow—

19if I have seen anyone perishing for lack of clothing, or the needy without garments,

20and their hearts did not bless me for warming them with the fleece from my sheep,

21if I have raised my hand against the fatherless, knowing that I had influence in court,

22then let my arm fall from the shoulder, let it be broken off at the joint.

23For I dreaded destruction from God, and for fear of his splendor I could not do such things.

24“If I have put my trust in gold or said to pure gold, ‘You are my security,’

25if I have rejoiced over my great wealth, the fortune my hands had gained,

26if I have regarded the sun in its radiance or the moon moving in splendor,

27so that my heart was secretly enticed and my hand offered them a kiss of homage,

28then these also would be sins to be judged, for I would have been unfaithful to God on high.

29“If I have rejoiced at my enemy’s misfortune or gloated over the trouble that came to him—

30I have not allowed my mouth to sin by invoking a curse against their life—

31if those of my household have never said, ‘Who has not been filled with Job’s meat?’—

32but no stranger had to spend the night in the street, for my door was always open to the traveler—

33if I have concealed my sin as people do, by hiding my guilt in my heart

34because I so feared the crowd and so dreaded the contempt of the clans that I kept silent and would not go outside—

35(“Oh, that I had someone to hear me! I sign now my defense—let the Almighty answer me; let my accuser put his indictment in writing.

36Surely I would wear it on my shoulder, I would put it on like a crown.

37I would give him an account of my every step; I would present it to him as to a ruler.)—

38“if my land cries out against me and all its furrows are wet with tears,

39if I have devoured its yield without payment or broken the spirit of its tenants,

40then let briers come up instead of wheat and stinkweed instead of barley.” The words of Job are ended.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 31.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Job declares his uprightness. (1–8). His integrity. (9–15). Job merciful. (16–23). Job not guilty of covetousness or idolatry. (24–32). Job not guilty of hypocrisy and violence. (33–40).

vv1-8

Job did not speak the things here recorded by way of boasting, but in answer to the charge of hypocrisy. He understood the spiritual nature of God's commandments, as reaching to the thoughts and intents of the heart. It is best to let our actions speak for us; but in some cases we owe it to ourselves and to the cause of God, solemnly to protest our innocence of the crimes of which we are falsely accused. The lusts of the flesh, and the love of the world, are two fatal rocks on which multitudes split; against these Job protests he was always careful to stand upon his guard. And God takes more exact notice of us than we do of ourselves; let us therefore walk circumspectly. He carefully avoided all sinful means of getting wealth. He dreaded all forbidden profit as much as all forbidden pleasure. What we have in the world may be used with comfort, or lost with comfort, if honestly gotten. Without strict honestly and faithfulness in all our dealings, we can have no good evidence of true godliness. Yet how many professors are unable to abide this touchstone!

vv9-15

All the defilements of the life come from a deceived heart. Lust is a fire in the soul: those that indulge it, are said to burn. It consumes all that is good there, and lays the conscience waste. It kindles the fire of God's wrath, which, if not quenched by the blood of Christ, will consume even to eternal destruction. It consumes the body; it consumes the substance. Burning lusts bring burning judgments. Job had a numerous household, and he managed it well. He considered that he had a Master in heaven; and as we are undone if God should be severe with us, we ought to be mild and gentle towards all with whom we have to do.

vv16-23

Job's conscience gave testimony concerning his just and charitable behaviour toward the poor. He is most large upon this head, because in this matter he was particularly accused. He was tender of all, and hurtful to none. Notice the principles by which Job was restrained from being uncharitable and unmerciful. He stood in awe of the Lord, as certainly against him, if he should wrong the poor. Regard to worldly interests may restrain a man from actual crimes; but the grace of God alone can make him hate, dread, and shun sinful thoughts and desires.

Cross References

Job 31
v1Matthew 5:28thematic

Christ's teaching on checking the heart's lustful look matches Job's covenant with his eyes.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Malachi 2:10thematic

Appeals to one common Creator in the womb as the basis for treating servants justly.

Supported by JFB

v24Colossians 3:5thematic

Equates covetousness and trust in wealth directly with idolatry, linking Job 31:24 to v26-28.

Supported by JFB

v33Proverbs 28:13thematic

Contrasts Job's integrity with those who cover their transgressions rather than confessing.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Job 20:29thematic

Parallels the terminology of 'portion' and 'inheritance' appointed by God to the wicked.

Supported by JFB

v8Leviticus 26:16thematic

The precise curse of sowing seed in vain while enemies eat the harvest.

Supported by JFB

v10Isaiah 47:2thematic

Grinding at the mill as a poetic depiction of the most abject, humiliated service.

Supported by JFB

v11Genesis 38:24thematic

Demonstrates that adultery was recognized as a heinous crime worthy of judgment in patriarchal times.

Supported by JFB

v12Proverbs 6:27thematic

Adultery described as taking fire to the bosom, matching Job's description of a consuming fire.

Supported by JFB

v321 Peter 4:9thematic

New Testament call to hospitality without grudging, echoing Job opening his doors to travelers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Job 29:16thematic

Job reiterates his self-description as a father to the poor and needy.

Supported by JFB

v23Genesis 39:9thematic

Joseph's refusal of adultery due to his fear of sinning against God.

Supported by JFB

v26Deuteronomy 4:19thematic

The explicit Pentateuchal warning against looking to the sun and moon to worship them.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Genesis 3:12allusion

Alludes to Adam attempting to hide his transgression from God in the garden.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v38James 5:4thematic

The agricultural cries of withheld wages and abused land reaching the ears of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole