Job20
New International Version
1Then Zophar the Naamathite replied:
2“My troubled thoughts prompt me to answer because I am greatly disturbed.
3I hear a rebuke that dishonors me, and my understanding inspires me to reply.
4“Surely you know how it has been from of old, ever since mankind was placed on the earth,
5that the mirth of the wicked is brief, the joy of the godless lasts but a moment.
6Though the pride of the godless person reaches to the heavens and his head touches the clouds,
7he will perish forever, like his own dung; those who have seen him will say, ‘Where is he?’
8Like a dream he flies away, no more to be found, banished like a vision of the night.
9The eye that saw him will not see him again; his place will look on him no more.
10His children must make amends to the poor; his own hands must give back his wealth.
11The youthful vigor that fills his bones will lie with him in the dust.
12“Though evil is sweet in his mouth and he hides it under his tongue,
13though he cannot bear to let it go and lets it linger in his mouth,
14yet his food will turn sour in his stomach; it will become the venom of serpents within him.
15He will spit out the riches he swallowed; God will make his stomach vomit them up.
16He will suck the poison of serpents; the fangs of an adder will kill him.
17He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream.
18What he toiled for he must give back uneaten; he will not enjoy the profit from his trading.
19For he has oppressed the poor and left them destitute; he has seized houses he did not build.
20“Surely he will have no respite from his craving; he cannot save himself by his treasure.
21Nothing is left for him to devour; his prosperity will not endure.
22In the midst of his plenty, distress will overtake him; the full force of misery will come upon him.
23When he has filled his belly, God will vent his burning anger against him and rain down his blows on him.
24Though he flees from an iron weapon, a bronze-tipped arrow pierces him.
25He pulls it out of his back, the gleaming point out of his liver. Terrors will come over him;
26total darkness lies in wait for his treasures. A fire unfanned will consume him and devour what is left in his tent.
27The heavens will expose his guilt; the earth will rise up against him.
28A flood will carry off his house, rushing waters on the day of God’s wrath.
29Such is the fate God allots the wicked, the heritage appointed for them by God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Zophar speaks of the short joy of the wicked. (1–9). The ruin of the wicked. (10–22). The portion of the wicked. (23–29).
vv1-9
Zophar's discourse is upon the certain misery of the wicked. The triumph of the wicked and the joy of the hypocrite are fleeting. The pleasures and gains of sin bring disease and pain; they end in remorse, anguish, and ruin. Dissembled piety is double iniquity, and the ruin that attends it will be accordingly.
vv10-22
The miserable condition of the wicked man in this world is fully set forth. The lusts of the flesh are here called the sins of his youth. His hiding it and keeping it under his tongue, denotes concealment of his beloved lust, and delight therein. But He who knows what is in the heart, knows what is under the tongue, and will discover it. The love of the world, and of the wealth of it, also is wickedness, and man sets his heart upon these. Also violence and injustice, these sins bring God's judgments upon nations and families. Observe the punishment of the wicked man for these things. Sin is turned into gall, than which nothing is more bitter; it will prove to him poison; so will all unlawful gains be. In his fulness he shall be in straits, through the anxieties of his own mind. To be led by the sanctifying grace of God to restore what was unjustly gotten, as Zaccheus was, is a great mercy. But to be forced to restore by the horrors of a despairing conscience, as Judas was, has no benefit and comfort attending it.
vv23-29
Zophar, having described the vexations which attend wicked practices, shows their ruin from God's wrath. There is no fence against this, but in Christ, who is the only Covert from the storm and tempest, Isa 32:2. Zophar concludes, “This is the portion of a wicked man from God;” it is allotted him. Never was any doctrine better explained, or worse applied, than this by Zophar, who intended to prove Job a hypocrite. Let us receive the good explanation, and make a better application, for warning to ourselves, to stand in awe and sin not. One view of Jesus, directed by the Holy Spirit, and by him suitably impressed upon our souls, will quell a thousand carnal reasonings about the suffering of the faithful.
Key Words
צוֹפַר: Tsophar, a friend of Job
נַעֲמָתִי: a Naamathite, or inhabitant of Naamah
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
סָעִף: divided (in mind), i.e. (abstractly) a sentiment
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
חוּשׁ: to hurry; figuratively, to be eager with excitement or enjoyment
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מוּסָר: properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
Cross References
Job 20The comparison of the fleeting, unsubstantial life of the wicked to a dream that vanishes.
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Uses the exact vulgar imagery of dung to describe the total, shameful sweeping away of a wicked house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The carcass of Jezebel compared to dung on the ground, emphasizing extreme degradation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the concept of sweet-tasting sin that ultimately turns into gravel or poison in the bowels.
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Contrast's Job's former prosperity (washing steps with butter) with the wicked's deprivation of rivers of honey.
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Parallels the proud mounting up to heaven, echoing the self-exaltation of the king of Babylon.
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Exaltation among the clouds and stars brought low by God's severe judgment.
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Parallels the wicked becoming as dung upon the earth under God's swift judgment.
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Echoes the precise phrasing that a person's place shall know or behold him no more.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct conceptual link to the 'sins of my youth' which carry heavy consequences.
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Oppressing the poor and violently taking away their houses to build one's own.
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Underlies the description of God's whetted, glittering sword executing judgment.
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Illustrates the severe requirement of restitution for stolen goods and unjust gain.
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Condemnation of those who covet and violently seize houses, leaving others without shelter.
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Parallels the imagery of God raining down fury and fire as the portion of the wicked.
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