Job20
New Living Translation
1Then Zophar the Naamathite replied:
2“I must reply because I am greatly disturbed.
3I’ve had to endure your insults, but now my spirit prompts me to reply.
4“Don’t you realize that from the beginning of time, ever since people were first placed on the earth,
5the triumph of the wicked has been short lived and the joy of the godless has been only temporary?
6Though the pride of the godless reaches to the heavens and their heads touch the clouds,
7yet they will vanish forever, thrown away like their own dung. Those who knew them will ask, ‘Where are they?’
8They will fade like a dream and not be found. They will vanish like a vision in the night.
9Those who once saw them will see them no more. Their families will never see them again.
10Their children will beg from the poor, for they must give back their stolen riches.
11Though they are young, their bones will lie in the dust.
12“They enjoyed the sweet taste of wickedness, letting it melt under their tongue.
13They savored it, holding it long in their mouths.
14But suddenly the food in their bellies turns sour, a poisonous venom in their stomach.
15They will vomit the wealth they swallowed. God won’t let them keep it down.
16They will suck the poison of cobras. The viper will kill them.
17They will never again enjoy streams of olive oil or rivers of milk and honey.
18They will give back everything they worked for. Their wealth will bring them no joy.
19For they oppressed the poor and left them destitute. They foreclosed on their homes.
20They were always greedy and never satisfied. Nothing remains of all the things they dreamed about.
21Nothing is left after they finish gorging themselves. Therefore, their prosperity will not endure.
22“In the midst of plenty, they will run into trouble and be overcome by misery.
23May God give them a bellyful of trouble. May God rain down his anger upon them.
24When they try to escape an iron weapon, a bronze-tipped arrow will pierce them.
25The arrow is pulled from their back, and the arrowhead glistens with blood. The terrors of death are upon them.
26Their treasures will be thrown into deepest darkness. A wildfire will devour their goods, consuming all they have left.
27The heavens will reveal their guilt, and the earth will testify against them.
28A flood will sweep away their house. God’s anger will descend on them in torrents.
29This is the reward that God gives the wicked. It is the inheritance decreed by God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Zophar speaks of the short joy of the wicked. (1–9). The ruin of the wicked. (10–22). The portion of the wicked. (23–29).
vv1-9
Zophar's discourse is upon the certain misery of the wicked. The triumph of the wicked and the joy of the hypocrite are fleeting. The pleasures and gains of sin bring disease and pain; they end in remorse, anguish, and ruin. Dissembled piety is double iniquity, and the ruin that attends it will be accordingly.
vv10-22
The miserable condition of the wicked man in this world is fully set forth. The lusts of the flesh are here called the sins of his youth. His hiding it and keeping it under his tongue, denotes concealment of his beloved lust, and delight therein. But He who knows what is in the heart, knows what is under the tongue, and will discover it. The love of the world, and of the wealth of it, also is wickedness, and man sets his heart upon these. Also violence and injustice, these sins bring God's judgments upon nations and families. Observe the punishment of the wicked man for these things. Sin is turned into gall, than which nothing is more bitter; it will prove to him poison; so will all unlawful gains be. In his fulness he shall be in straits, through the anxieties of his own mind. To be led by the sanctifying grace of God to restore what was unjustly gotten, as Zaccheus was, is a great mercy. But to be forced to restore by the horrors of a despairing conscience, as Judas was, has no benefit and comfort attending it.
vv23-29
Zophar, having described the vexations which attend wicked practices, shows their ruin from God's wrath. There is no fence against this, but in Christ, who is the only Covert from the storm and tempest, Isa 32:2. Zophar concludes, “This is the portion of a wicked man from God;” it is allotted him. Never was any doctrine better explained, or worse applied, than this by Zophar, who intended to prove Job a hypocrite. Let us receive the good explanation, and make a better application, for warning to ourselves, to stand in awe and sin not. One view of Jesus, directed by the Holy Spirit, and by him suitably impressed upon our souls, will quell a thousand carnal reasonings about the suffering of the faithful.
Key Words
צוֹפַר: Tsophar, a friend of Job
נַעֲמָתִי: a Naamathite, or inhabitant of Naamah
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
סָעִף: divided (in mind), i.e. (abstractly) a sentiment
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
חוּשׁ: to hurry; figuratively, to be eager with excitement or enjoyment
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מוּסָר: properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
Cross References
Job 20The comparison of the fleeting, unsubstantial life of the wicked to a dream that vanishes.
Supported by JFB
Uses the exact vulgar imagery of dung to describe the total, shameful sweeping away of a wicked house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The carcass of Jezebel compared to dung on the ground, emphasizing extreme degradation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the concept of sweet-tasting sin that ultimately turns into gravel or poison in the bowels.
Supported by JFB
Contrast's Job's former prosperity (washing steps with butter) with the wicked's deprivation of rivers of honey.
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Parallels the proud mounting up to heaven, echoing the self-exaltation of the king of Babylon.
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Exaltation among the clouds and stars brought low by God's severe judgment.
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Parallels the wicked becoming as dung upon the earth under God's swift judgment.
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Echoes the precise phrasing that a person's place shall know or behold him no more.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct conceptual link to the 'sins of my youth' which carry heavy consequences.
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Oppressing the poor and violently taking away their houses to build one's own.
Supported by JFB
Underlies the description of God's whetted, glittering sword executing judgment.
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Illustrates the severe requirement of restitution for stolen goods and unjust gain.
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Condemnation of those who covet and violently seize houses, leaving others without shelter.
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Parallels the imagery of God raining down fury and fire as the portion of the wicked.
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