Job20
New King James Version
1Then Zophar the Naamathite answered and said:
2“Therefore my anxious thoughts make me answer, Because of the turmoil within me.
3I have heard the rebuke that reproaches me, And the spirit of my understanding causes me to answer.
4“Do you not know this of old, Since man was placed on earth,
5That the triumphing of the wicked is short, And the joy of the hypocrite is but for a moment?
6Though his haughtiness mounts up to the heavens, And his head reaches to the clouds,
7Yet he will perish forever like his own refuse; Those who have seen him will say, ‘Where is he?’
8He will fly away like a dream, and not be found; Yes, he will be chased away like a vision of the night.
9The eye that saw him will see him no more, Nor will his place behold him anymore.
10His children will seek the favor of the poor, And his hands will restore his wealth.
11His bones are full of his youthful vigor, But it will lie down with him in the dust.
12“Though evil is sweet in his mouth, And he hides it under his tongue,
13Though he spares it and does not forsake it, But still keeps it in his mouth,
14Yet his food in his stomach turns sour; It becomes cobra venom within him.
15He swallows down riches And vomits them up again; God casts them out of his belly.
16He will suck the poison of cobras; The viper’s tongue will slay him.
17He will not see the streams, The rivers flowing with honey and cream.
18He will restore that for which he labored, And will not swallow it down; From the proceeds of business He will get no enjoyment.
19For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor, He has violently seized a house which he did not build.
20“Because he knows no quietness in his heart, He will not save anything he desires.
21Nothing is left for him to eat; Therefore his well-being will not last.
22In his self-sufficiency he will be in distress; Every hand of misery will come against him.
23When he is about to fill his stomach, God will cast on him the fury of His wrath, And will rain it on him while he is eating.
24He will flee from the iron weapon; A bronze bow will pierce him through.
25It is drawn, and comes out of the body; Yes, the glittering point comes out of his gall. Terrors come upon him;
26Total darkness is reserved for his treasures. An unfanned fire will consume him; It shall go ill with him who is left in his tent.
27The heavens will reveal his iniquity, And the earth will rise up against him.
28The increase of his house will depart, And his goods will flow away in the day of His wrath.
29This is the portion from God for a wicked man, The heritage appointed to him by God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Zophar speaks of the short joy of the wicked. (1–9). The ruin of the wicked. (10–22). The portion of the wicked. (23–29).
vv1-9
Zophar's discourse is upon the certain misery of the wicked. The triumph of the wicked and the joy of the hypocrite are fleeting. The pleasures and gains of sin bring disease and pain; they end in remorse, anguish, and ruin. Dissembled piety is double iniquity, and the ruin that attends it will be accordingly.
vv10-22
The miserable condition of the wicked man in this world is fully set forth. The lusts of the flesh are here called the sins of his youth. His hiding it and keeping it under his tongue, denotes concealment of his beloved lust, and delight therein. But He who knows what is in the heart, knows what is under the tongue, and will discover it. The love of the world, and of the wealth of it, also is wickedness, and man sets his heart upon these. Also violence and injustice, these sins bring God's judgments upon nations and families. Observe the punishment of the wicked man for these things. Sin is turned into gall, than which nothing is more bitter; it will prove to him poison; so will all unlawful gains be. In his fulness he shall be in straits, through the anxieties of his own mind. To be led by the sanctifying grace of God to restore what was unjustly gotten, as Zaccheus was, is a great mercy. But to be forced to restore by the horrors of a despairing conscience, as Judas was, has no benefit and comfort attending it.
vv23-29
Zophar, having described the vexations which attend wicked practices, shows their ruin from God's wrath. There is no fence against this, but in Christ, who is the only Covert from the storm and tempest, Isa 32:2. Zophar concludes, “This is the portion of a wicked man from God;” it is allotted him. Never was any doctrine better explained, or worse applied, than this by Zophar, who intended to prove Job a hypocrite. Let us receive the good explanation, and make a better application, for warning to ourselves, to stand in awe and sin not. One view of Jesus, directed by the Holy Spirit, and by him suitably impressed upon our souls, will quell a thousand carnal reasonings about the suffering of the faithful.
Key Words
צוֹפַר: Tsophar, a friend of Job
נַעֲמָתִי: a Naamathite, or inhabitant of Naamah
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
סָעִף: divided (in mind), i.e. (abstractly) a sentiment
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
חוּשׁ: to hurry; figuratively, to be eager with excitement or enjoyment
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מוּסָר: properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
Cross References
Job 20The comparison of the fleeting, unsubstantial life of the wicked to a dream that vanishes.
Supported by JFB
Uses the exact vulgar imagery of dung to describe the total, shameful sweeping away of a wicked house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The carcass of Jezebel compared to dung on the ground, emphasizing extreme degradation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the concept of sweet-tasting sin that ultimately turns into gravel or poison in the bowels.
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Contrast's Job's former prosperity (washing steps with butter) with the wicked's deprivation of rivers of honey.
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Parallels the proud mounting up to heaven, echoing the self-exaltation of the king of Babylon.
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Exaltation among the clouds and stars brought low by God's severe judgment.
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Parallels the wicked becoming as dung upon the earth under God's swift judgment.
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Echoes the precise phrasing that a person's place shall know or behold him no more.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct conceptual link to the 'sins of my youth' which carry heavy consequences.
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Oppressing the poor and violently taking away their houses to build one's own.
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Underlies the description of God's whetted, glittering sword executing judgment.
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Illustrates the severe requirement of restitution for stolen goods and unjust gain.
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Condemnation of those who covet and violently seize houses, leaving others without shelter.
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Parallels the imagery of God raining down fury and fire as the portion of the wicked.
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