Job20
New American Standard
1Then Zophar the Naamathite responded,
2“Therefore my disquieting thoughts make me respond, Even because of my inward agitation.
3I listened to the reprimand which insults me, And the spirit of my understanding makes me answer.
4Do you know this from ancient times, From the establishment of mankind on earth,
5That the rejoicing of the wicked is short, And the joy of the godless momentary?
6Though his arrogance reaches the heavens, And his head touches the clouds,
7He perishes forever like his refuse; Those who have seen him will say, ‘Where is he?’
8He flies away like a dream, and they cannot find him; Like a vision of the night he is chased away.
9The eye which saw him sees him no longer, And his place no longer beholds him.
10His sons favor the poor, And his hands give back his wealth.
11His bones are full of his youthful strength, But it lies down with him in the dust.
12“Though evil tastes sweet in his mouth And he hides it under his tongue,
13Though he desires it and will not let it go, But holds it in his mouth,
14Yet his food in his stomach is changed To the venom of cobras within him.
15He swallows riches, But will vomit them up; God will expel them from his belly.
16He sucks the poison of cobras; The viper’s tongue kills him.
17He does not look at the streams, The rivers flowing with honey and curds.
18He returns the product of his labor And cannot swallow it; As to the riches of his trading, He cannot even enjoy them.
19For he has oppressed and neglected the poor; He has seized a house which he has not built.
20“Because he knew no quiet within him, He does not retain anything he desires.
21Nothing remains for him to devour, Therefore his prosperity does not endure.
22In the fullness of his excess he will be cramped; The hand of everyone who suffers will come against him.
23When he fills his belly, God will send His fierce anger on him And rain it on him while he is eating.
24He may flee from the iron weapon, But the bronze bow will pierce him.
25It is drawn and comes out of his back, Even the flashing point from his gallbladder; Terrors come upon him,
26Complete darkness is held in reserve for his treasures, And unfanned fire will devour him; It will consume the survivor in his tent.
27The heavens will reveal his guilt, And the earth will rise up against him.
28The increase of his house will disappear; His possessions will flow away on the day of His anger.
29This is a wicked person’s portion from God, The inheritance decreed to him by God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Zophar speaks of the short joy of the wicked. (1–9). The ruin of the wicked. (10–22). The portion of the wicked. (23–29).
vv1-9
Zophar's discourse is upon the certain misery of the wicked. The triumph of the wicked and the joy of the hypocrite are fleeting. The pleasures and gains of sin bring disease and pain; they end in remorse, anguish, and ruin. Dissembled piety is double iniquity, and the ruin that attends it will be accordingly.
vv10-22
The miserable condition of the wicked man in this world is fully set forth. The lusts of the flesh are here called the sins of his youth. His hiding it and keeping it under his tongue, denotes concealment of his beloved lust, and delight therein. But He who knows what is in the heart, knows what is under the tongue, and will discover it. The love of the world, and of the wealth of it, also is wickedness, and man sets his heart upon these. Also violence and injustice, these sins bring God's judgments upon nations and families. Observe the punishment of the wicked man for these things. Sin is turned into gall, than which nothing is more bitter; it will prove to him poison; so will all unlawful gains be. In his fulness he shall be in straits, through the anxieties of his own mind. To be led by the sanctifying grace of God to restore what was unjustly gotten, as Zaccheus was, is a great mercy. But to be forced to restore by the horrors of a despairing conscience, as Judas was, has no benefit and comfort attending it.
vv23-29
Zophar, having described the vexations which attend wicked practices, shows their ruin from God's wrath. There is no fence against this, but in Christ, who is the only Covert from the storm and tempest, Isa 32:2. Zophar concludes, “This is the portion of a wicked man from God;” it is allotted him. Never was any doctrine better explained, or worse applied, than this by Zophar, who intended to prove Job a hypocrite. Let us receive the good explanation, and make a better application, for warning to ourselves, to stand in awe and sin not. One view of Jesus, directed by the Holy Spirit, and by him suitably impressed upon our souls, will quell a thousand carnal reasonings about the suffering of the faithful.
Key Words
צוֹפַר: Tsophar, a friend of Job
נַעֲמָתִי: a Naamathite, or inhabitant of Naamah
עָנָה: properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, announce
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
סָעִף: divided (in mind), i.e. (abstractly) a sentiment
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
חוּשׁ: to hurry; figuratively, to be eager with excitement or enjoyment
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
מוּסָר: properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
Cross References
Job 20The comparison of the fleeting, unsubstantial life of the wicked to a dream that vanishes.
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Uses the exact vulgar imagery of dung to describe the total, shameful sweeping away of a wicked house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The carcass of Jezebel compared to dung on the ground, emphasizing extreme degradation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the concept of sweet-tasting sin that ultimately turns into gravel or poison in the bowels.
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Contrast's Job's former prosperity (washing steps with butter) with the wicked's deprivation of rivers of honey.
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Parallels the proud mounting up to heaven, echoing the self-exaltation of the king of Babylon.
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Exaltation among the clouds and stars brought low by God's severe judgment.
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Parallels the wicked becoming as dung upon the earth under God's swift judgment.
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Echoes the precise phrasing that a person's place shall know or behold him no more.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct conceptual link to the 'sins of my youth' which carry heavy consequences.
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Oppressing the poor and violently taking away their houses to build one's own.
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Underlies the description of God's whetted, glittering sword executing judgment.
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Illustrates the severe requirement of restitution for stolen goods and unjust gain.
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Condemnation of those who covet and violently seize houses, leaving others without shelter.
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Parallels the imagery of God raining down fury and fire as the portion of the wicked.
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