Isaiah 5NASB
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Isaiah5

New American Standard

1Let me sing now for my beloved A song of my beloved about His vineyard. My beloved had a vineyard on a fertile hill.

2He dug it all around, cleared it of stones, And planted it with the choicest vine. And He built a tower in the middle of it, And also carved out a wine vat in it; Then He expected it to produce good grapes, But it produced only worthless ones.

3“And now, you inhabitants of Jerusalem and people of Judah, Judge between Me and My vineyard.

4What more was there to do for My vineyard that I have not done in it? Why, when I expected it to produce good grapes did it produce worthless ones?

5So now let Me tell you what I am going to do to My vineyard: I will remove its hedge and it will be consumed; I will break down its wall and it will become trampled ground.

6I will lay it waste; It will not be pruned nor hoed, But briars and thorns will come up. I will also command the clouds not to rain on it.”

7For the vineyard of the Lord of armies is the house of Israel, And the people of Judah are His delightful plant. So He waited for justice, but behold, there was bloodshed; For righteousness, but behold, a cry for help.

8Woe to those who attach house to house and join field to field, Until there is no more room, And you alone are a landowner in the midst of the land!

9In my ears the Lord of armies has sworn, “Many houses shall certainly become desolate, Even great and fine ones, without occupants.

10For ten acres of vineyard will yield only one bath of wine, And a homer of seed will yield only an ephah of grain.”

11Woe to those who rise early in the morning so that they may pursue intoxicating drink, Who stay up late in the evening so that wine may inflame them!

12Their banquets are accompanied by lyre and harp, by tambourine and flute, and by wine; But they do not pay attention to the deeds of the Lord, Nor do they consider the work of His hands.

13Therefore My people go into exile for their lack of knowledge; And their nobles are famished, And their multitude is parched with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol has enlarged its throat and opened its mouth beyond measure; And Jerusalem’s splendor, her multitude, her noise of revelry, and the jubilant within her, descend into it.

15So the common people will be humbled and the person of importance brought low, The eyes of the haughty also will be brought low.

16But the Lord of armies will be exalted in judgment, And the holy God will show Himself holy in righteousness.

17Then the lambs will graze as in their pasture, And strangers will eat in the ruins of the wealthy.

18Woe to those who drag wrongdoing with the cords of deceit, And sin as if with cart ropes;

19Who say, “Let Him hurry, let Him do His work quickly, so that we may see it; And let the plan of the Holy One of Israel approach And come to pass, so that we may know it!”

20Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil; Who substitute darkness for light and light for darkness; Who substitute bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter!

21Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes And clever in their own sight!

22Woe to those who are heroes in drinking wine, And valiant men in mixing intoxicating drink,

23Who declare the wicked innocent for a bribe, And take away the rights of the ones who are in the right!

24Therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes stubble, And dry grass collapses in the flame, So their root will become like rot, and their blossom blow away like dust; For they have rejected the Law of the Lord of armies, And discarded the word of the Holy One of Israel.

25For this reason the anger of the Lord has burned against His people, And He has stretched out His hand against them and struck them. And the mountains quaked, and their corpses lay like refuse in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, His anger is not spent, But His hand is still stretched out.

26He will also lift up a flag to the distant nation, And whistle for it from the ends of the earth; And behold, it will come with speed swiftly.

27No one in it is tired or stumbles, No one slumbers or sleeps; Nor is the undergarment at his waist loosened, Nor his sandal strap broken.

28Its arrows are sharp and all its bows are bent; The hoofs of its horses seem like flint, and its chariot wheels like a storm wind.

29Its roaring is like a lioness, and it roars like young lions; It growls as it seizes the prey And carries it off with no one to save it.

30And it will roar against it on that day like the roaring of the sea. If one looks across to the land, behold, there is darkness and distress; Even the light is darkened by its clouds.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 5.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The state and conduct of the Jewish nation. (1-7). The judgments which would come. (8-23). The executioners of these judgments. (24-30).

vv1-7

Christ is God's beloved Son, and our beloved Saviour. The care of the Lord over the church of Israel, is described by the management of a vineyard. The advantages of our situation will be brought into the account another day. He planted it with the choicest vines; gave them a most excellent law, instituted proper ordinances. The temple was a tower, where God gave tokens of his presence. He set up his altar, to which the sacrifices should be brought; all the means of grace are denoted thereby. God expects fruit from those that enjoy privileges. Good purposes and good beginnings are good things, but not enough; there must be vineyard fruit; thoughts and affections, words and actions, agreeable to the Spirit. It brought forth bad fruit. Wild grapes are the fruits of the corrupt nature. Where grace does not work, corruption will. But the wickedness of those that profess religion, and enjoy the means of grace, must be upon the sinners themselves. They shall no longer be a peculiar people. When errors and vice go without check or control, the vineyard is unpruned; then it will soon be grown over with thorns. This is often shown in the departure of God's Spirit from those who have long striven against him, and the removal of his gospel from places which have long been a reproach to it. The explanation is given. It is sad with a soul, when, instead of the grapes of humility, meekness, love, patience, and contempt of the world, for which God looks, there are the wild grapes of pride, passion, discontent, and malice, and contempt of God; instead of the grapes of praying and praising, the wild grapes of cursing and swearing. Let us bring forth fruit with patience, that in the end we may obtain everlasting life.

vv8-23

Here is a woe to those who set their hearts on the wealth of the world. Not that it is sinful for those who have a house and a field to purchase another; but the fault is, that they never know when they have enough. Covetousness is idolatry; and while many envy the prosperous, wretched man, the Lord denounces awful woes upon him. How applicable to many among us! God has many ways to empty the most populous cities. Those who set their hearts upon the world, will justly be disappointed. Here is woe to those who dote upon the pleasures and the delights of sense. The use of music is lawful; but when it draws away the heart from God, then it becomes a sin to us. God's judgments have seized them, but they will not disturb themselves in their pleasures. The judgments are declared. Let a man be ever so high, death will bring him low; ever so mean, death will bring him lower. The fruit of these judgments shall be, that God will be glorified as a God of power. Also, as a God that is holy; he shall be owned and declared to be so, in the righteous punishment of proud men. Those are in a woful condition who set up sin, and who exert themselves to gratify their base lusts. They are daring in sin, and walk after their own lusts; it is in scorn that they call God the Holy One of Israel. They confound and overthrow distinctions between good and evil. They prefer their own reasonings to Divine revelations; their own devices to the counsels and commands of God. They deem it prudent and politic to continue profitable sins, and to neglect self-denying duties. Also, how light soever men make of drunkenness, it is a sin which lays open to the wrath and curse of God. Their judges perverted justice. Every sin needs some other to conceal it.

vv24-30

Let not any expect to live easily who live wickedly. Sin weakens the strength, the root of a people; it defaces the beauty, the blossoms of a people. When God's word is despised, and his law cast away, what can men expect but that God should utterly abandon them? When God comes forth in wrath, the hills tremble, fear seizes even great men. When God designs the ruin of a provoking people, he can find instruments to be employed in it, as he sent for the Chaldeans, and afterwards the Romans, to destroy the Jews. Those who would not hear the voice of God speaking by his prophets, shall hear the voice of their enemies roaring against them. Let the distressed look which way they will, all appears dismal. If God frowns upon us, how can any creature smile? Let us diligently seek the well-grounded assurance, that when all earthly helps and comforts shall fail, God himself will be the strength of our hearts, and our portion for ever.

Cross References

Isaiah 5
v1Matthew 21:33allusion

Jesus directly adapts this parable of the vineyard (tower, winepress) to judge the Jewish leaders.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Psalms 80:8thematic

Classic Old Testament imagery of Israel as a vine brought out of Egypt and planted by God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Mosaic song warns of Israel producing bitter, wild, and poisonous grapes.

Supported by JFB

v8Micah 2:2thematic

Parallel contemporary prophetic woe against covetous land-grabbing and oppressive consolidation of property.

Supported by JFB

Like Moses, Isaiah records a song as a permanent legal witness against rebellious Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Isaiah 22:14allusion

Verbal parallel of the prophet hearing God's voice directly 'in mine ears'.

Supported by JFB

v15Isaiah 2:17allusion

Echoes the earlier refrain that the lofty shall be humbled and the Lord alone exalted.

Supported by JFB

v26Deuteronomy 28:49-52fulfillment

Fulfillment of Mosaic curses warning of a swift, distant nation of fierce countenance invading Israel.

Supported by JFB

v30Isaiah 8:22thematic

Repeats the grim imagery of lookers to the land beholding only darkness, trouble, and dimness.

Supported by JFB

v3Romans 3:4thematic

Paul illustrates God's justice in making sinners the self-condemning judges of their own cause.

Supported by JFB

Reproves Israel for foolishly and ungratefully requiting the Lord's extensive fatherly care.

Supported by JFB

v4Matthew 23:37thematic

Jesus expresses the same divine grief over Jerusalem's rejection of persistent divine cultivation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Psalms 28:5thematic

Condemns those who indulge in feasts but ignore the operations and works of God's hands.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Hosea 4:6thematic

Parallel judgment: God's people go into captivity and perish for lack of knowledge.

Supported by Matthew Henry