Matthew 21NASB
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Matthew21

New American Standard

1When they had approached Jerusalem and had come to Bethphage, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus then sent two disciples,

2saying to them, “Go into the village opposite you, and immediately you will find a donkey tied there and a colt with it. Untie them and bring them to Me.

3And if anyone says anything to you, you shall say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and he will send them on immediately.”

4Now this took place so that what was spoken through the prophet would be fulfilled:

5“Say to the daughter of Zion, ‘Behold your King is coming to you, Humble, and mounted on a donkey, Even on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’”

6The disciples went and did just as Jesus had instructed them,

7and brought the donkey and the colt, and laid their cloaks on them; and He sat on the cloaks.

8Most of the crowd spread their cloaks on the road, and others were cutting branches from the trees and spreading them on the road.

9Now the crowds going ahead of Him, and those who followed, were shouting, “Hosanna to the Son of David; Blessed is the One who comes in the name of the Lord; Hosanna in the highest!”

10When He had entered Jerusalem, all the city was stirred, saying, “Who is this?”

11And the crowds were saying, “This is Jesus the prophet, from Nazareth in Galilee.”

12And Jesus entered the temple area and drove out all those who were selling and buying on the temple grounds, and He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those who were selling doves.

13And He said to them, “It is written: ‘My house will be called a house of prayer’; but you are making it a den of robbers.”

14And those who were blind and those who limped came to Him in the temple area, and He healed them.

15But when the chief priests and the scribes saw the wonderful things that He had done, and the children who were shouting in the temple area, “Hosanna to the Son of David,” they became indignant,

16and they said to Him, “Do You hear what these children are saying?” And Jesus said to them, “Yes. Have you never read, ‘From the mouths of infants and nursing babies You have prepared praise for Yourself’?”

17And He left them and went out of the city to Bethany, and spent the night there.

18Now in the early morning, when He was returning to the city, He became hungry.

19And seeing a lone fig tree by the road, He came to it and found nothing on it except leaves alone; and He said to it, “No longer shall there ever be any fruit from you.” And at once the fig tree withered.

20Seeing this, the disciples were amazed and asked, “How did the fig tree wither all at once?”

21And Jesus answered and said to them, “Truly I say to you, if you have faith and do not doubt, you will not only do what was done to the fig tree, but even if you say to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and cast into the sea,’ it will happen.

22And whatever you ask in prayer, believing, you will receive it all.”

23When He entered the temple area, the chief priests and the elders of the people came to Him while He was teaching, and said, “By what authority are You doing these things, and who gave You this authority?”

24But Jesus responded and said to them, “I will also ask you one question, which, if you tell Me, I will also tell you by what authority I do these things.

25The baptism of John was from what source: from heaven or from men?” And they began considering the implications among themselves, saying, “If we say, ‘From heaven,’ He will say to us, ‘Then why did you not believe him?’

26But if we say, ‘From men,’ we fear the people; for they all regard John as a prophet.”

27And answering Jesus, they said, “We do not know.” He also said to them, “Neither am I telling you by what authority I do these things.

28“But what do you think? A man had two sons, and he came to the first and said, ‘Son, go work today in the vineyard.’

29But he replied, ‘I do not want to.’ Yet afterward he regretted it and went.

30And the man came to his second son and said the same thing; and he replied, ‘I will, sir’; and yet he did not go.

31Which of the two did the will of his father?” They said, “The first.” Jesus said to them, “Truly I say to you that the tax collectors and prostitutes will get into the kingdom of God before you.

32For John came to you in the way of righteousness and you did not believe him; but the tax collectors and prostitutes did believe him; and you, seeing this, did not even have second thoughts afterward so as to believe him.

33“Listen to another parable. There was a landowner who planted a vineyard and put a fence around it, and dug a wine press in it, and built a tower, and he leased it to vine-growers and went on a journey.

34And when the harvest time approached, he sent his slaves to the vine-growers to receive his fruit.

35And the vine-growers took his slaves and beat one, killed another, and stoned another.

36Again, he sent other slaves, more than the first; and they did the same things to them.

37But afterward he sent his son to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’

38But when the vine-growers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir; come, let’s kill him and take possession of his inheritance!’

39And they took him and threw him out of the vineyard, and killed him.

40Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those vine-growers?”

41They said to Him, “He will bring those wretches to a wretched end and lease the vineyard to other vine-growers, who will pay him the fruit in the proper seasons.”

42Jesus said to them, “Did you never read in the Scriptures, ‘A stone which the builders rejected, This has become the chief cornerstone; This came about from the Lord, And it is marvelous in our eyes’?

43Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people producing its fruit.

44And the one who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces; and on whomever it falls, it will crush him.”

45When the chief priests and the Pharisees heard His parables, they understood that He was speaking about them.

46And although they sought to arrest Him, they feared the crowds, since they considered Him to be a prophet.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Christ enters Jerusalem. (1–11). He drives out those who profaned the temple. (12–17). The barren fig-tree cursed. (18–22). Jesus' discourse in the temple. (23–27). The parable of the two sons. (28–32). The parable of the wicked husbandmen. (33–46).

vv1-11

This coming of Christ was described by the prophet Zechariah, Zec 9:9. When Christ would appear in his glory, it is in his meekness, not in his majesty, in mercy to work salvation. As meekness and outward poverty were fully seen in Zion's King, and marked his triumphal entrance to Jerusalem, how wrong covetousness, ambition, and the pride of life must be in Zion's citizens! They brought the ass, but Jesus did not use it without the owner's consent. The trappings were such as came to hand. We must not think the clothes on our backs too dear to part with for the service of Christ. The chief priests and the elders afterwards joined with the multitude that abused him upon the cross; but none of them joined the multitude that did him honour. Those that take Christ for their King, must lay their all under his feet. Hosanna signifies, Save now, we beseech thee! Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord! But of how little value is the applause of the people! The changing multitude join the cry of the day, whether it be Hosanna, or Crucify him. Multitudes often seem to approve the gospel, but few become consistent disciples. When Jesus was come into Jerusalem all the city was moved; some perhaps were moved with joy, who waited for the Consolation of Israel; others, of the Pharisees, were moved with envy. So various are the motions in the minds of men upon the approach of Christ's kingdom.

vv12-17

Christ found some of the courts of the temple turned into a market for cattle and things used in the sacrifices, and partly occupied by the money-changers. Our Lord drove them from the place, as he had done at his entering upon his ministry, Joh 2:13–17. His works testified of him more than the hosannas; and his healing in the temple was the fulfilling the promise, that the glory of the latter house should be greater than the glory of the former. If Christ came now into many parts of his visible church, how many secret evils he would discover and cleanse! And how many things daily practised under the cloak of religion, would he show to be more suitable to a den of thieves than to a house of prayer!

vv18-22

This cursing of the barren fig-tree represents the state of hypocrites in general, and so teaches us that Christ looks for the power of religion in those who profess it, and the savour of it from those that have the show of it. His just expectations from flourishing professors are often disappointed; he comes to many, seeking fruit, and finds leaves only. A false profession commonly withers in this world, and it is the effect of Christ's curse. The fig-tree that had no fruit, soon lost its leaves. This represents the state of the nation and people of the Jews in particular. Our Lord Jesus found among them nothing but leaves. And after they rejected Christ, blindness and hardness grew upon them, till they were undone, and their place and nation rooted up. The Lord was righteous in it. Let us greatly fear the doom denounced on the barren fig-tree.

Cross References

Matthew 21
v4Zechariah 9:9fulfillment

Directly cited and fulfilled in Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem riding on a colt.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v42Psalms 118:22quotation

Directly quoted by Jesus to show how the builders' rejection of the cornerstone was prophesied.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v9Psalms 118:24-26quotation

The source of the crowds' Messianic acclamation: 'Hosanna... Blessed is he that cometh...'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v13Isaiah 56:7quotation

Quoted by Jesus to condemn the temple's corruption: 'My house shall be called a house of prayer.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Jeremiah 7:11quotation

Quoted by Jesus to rebuke the moneychangers for turning the temple into a 'den of thieves.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Psalms 8:2quotation

Quoted by Jesus to vindicate the praise of children crying out in the temple.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Isaiah 5:1-4allusion

The foundational Old Testament background for Jesus' parable of the vineyard and the wicked husbandmen.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v12John 2:13-17thematic

Thematic parallel in John's Gospel recording the purging of the temple moneychangers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Mark 11:13thematic

Parallel account of the cursing of the fig tree, illustrating false profession and sudden judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Luke 13:6-9thematic

Thematic parallel showing God's judgment on a fruitless nation, represented by a barren fig tree.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42Acts 4:11allusion

Apostolic application of Psalm 118:22, identifying Jesus as the rejected stone who became the cornerstone.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Isaiah 8:14allusion

Prophetic warnings about stumbling over the rock, parallel to Jesus' warning about falling on the stone.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Mark 11:27thematic

Synoptic parallel where the chief priests and elders confront Jesus demanding His authority.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Luke 7:29thematic

Confirms the publicans justified God and accepted John's baptism, unlike the self-righteous leaders.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v35Matthew 23:37thematic

Jesus' lamentation over Jerusalem for killing and stoning the prophets sent to her.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Matthew 17:20thematic

Jesus repeats the lesson of faith that can move mountains to the sea.

Supported by Matthew Henry