Matthew 21ESV
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Matthew21

English Standard Version

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Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 21.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Christ enters Jerusalem. (1–11). He drives out those who profaned the temple. (12–17). The barren fig-tree cursed. (18–22). Jesus' discourse in the temple. (23–27). The parable of the two sons. (28–32). The parable of the wicked husbandmen. (33–46).

vv1-11

This coming of Christ was described by the prophet Zechariah, Zec 9:9. When Christ would appear in his glory, it is in his meekness, not in his majesty, in mercy to work salvation. As meekness and outward poverty were fully seen in Zion's King, and marked his triumphal entrance to Jerusalem, how wrong covetousness, ambition, and the pride of life must be in Zion's citizens! They brought the ass, but Jesus did not use it without the owner's consent. The trappings were such as came to hand. We must not think the clothes on our backs too dear to part with for the service of Christ. The chief priests and the elders afterwards joined with the multitude that abused him upon the cross; but none of them joined the multitude that did him honour. Those that take Christ for their King, must lay their all under his feet. Hosanna signifies, Save now, we beseech thee! Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord! But of how little value is the applause of the people! The changing multitude join the cry of the day, whether it be Hosanna, or Crucify him. Multitudes often seem to approve the gospel, but few become consistent disciples. When Jesus was come into Jerusalem all the city was moved; some perhaps were moved with joy, who waited for the Consolation of Israel; others, of the Pharisees, were moved with envy. So various are the motions in the minds of men upon the approach of Christ's kingdom.

vv12-17

Christ found some of the courts of the temple turned into a market for cattle and things used in the sacrifices, and partly occupied by the money-changers. Our Lord drove them from the place, as he had done at his entering upon his ministry, Joh 2:13–17. His works testified of him more than the hosannas; and his healing in the temple was the fulfilling the promise, that the glory of the latter house should be greater than the glory of the former. If Christ came now into many parts of his visible church, how many secret evils he would discover and cleanse! And how many things daily practised under the cloak of religion, would he show to be more suitable to a den of thieves than to a house of prayer!

vv18-22

This cursing of the barren fig-tree represents the state of hypocrites in general, and so teaches us that Christ looks for the power of religion in those who profess it, and the savour of it from those that have the show of it. His just expectations from flourishing professors are often disappointed; he comes to many, seeking fruit, and finds leaves only. A false profession commonly withers in this world, and it is the effect of Christ's curse. The fig-tree that had no fruit, soon lost its leaves. This represents the state of the nation and people of the Jews in particular. Our Lord Jesus found among them nothing but leaves. And after they rejected Christ, blindness and hardness grew upon them, till they were undone, and their place and nation rooted up. The Lord was righteous in it. Let us greatly fear the doom denounced on the barren fig-tree.

Cross References

Matthew 21
v4Zechariah 9:9fulfillment

Directly cited and fulfilled in Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem riding on a colt.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v42Psalms 118:22quotation

Directly quoted by Jesus to show how the builders' rejection of the cornerstone was prophesied.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v9Psalms 118:24-26quotation

The source of the crowds' Messianic acclamation: 'Hosanna... Blessed is he that cometh...'

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v13Isaiah 56:7quotation

Quoted by Jesus to condemn the temple's corruption: 'My house shall be called a house of prayer.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Jeremiah 7:11quotation

Quoted by Jesus to rebuke the moneychangers for turning the temple into a 'den of thieves.'

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Psalms 8:2quotation

Quoted by Jesus to vindicate the praise of children crying out in the temple.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v33Isaiah 5:1-4allusion

The foundational Old Testament background for Jesus' parable of the vineyard and the wicked husbandmen.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v12John 2:13-17thematic

Thematic parallel in John's Gospel recording the purging of the temple moneychangers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Mark 11:13thematic

Parallel account of the cursing of the fig tree, illustrating false profession and sudden judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Luke 13:6-9thematic

Thematic parallel showing God's judgment on a fruitless nation, represented by a barren fig tree.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42Acts 4:11allusion

Apostolic application of Psalm 118:22, identifying Jesus as the rejected stone who became the cornerstone.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Isaiah 8:14allusion

Prophetic warnings about stumbling over the rock, parallel to Jesus' warning about falling on the stone.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Mark 11:27thematic

Synoptic parallel where the chief priests and elders confront Jesus demanding His authority.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v31Luke 7:29thematic

Confirms the publicans justified God and accepted John's baptism, unlike the self-righteous leaders.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v35Matthew 23:37thematic

Jesus' lamentation over Jerusalem for killing and stoning the prophets sent to her.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Matthew 17:20thematic

Jesus repeats the lesson of faith that can move mountains to the sea.

Supported by Matthew Henry