Matthew21
New Living Translation
1As Jesus and the disciples approached Jerusalem, they came to the town of Bethphage on the Mount of Olives. Jesus sent two of them on ahead.
2“Go into the village over there,” he said. “As soon as you enter it, you will see a donkey tied there, with its colt beside it. Untie them and bring them to me.
3If anyone asks what you are doing, just say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and he will immediately let you take them.”
4This took place to fulfill the prophecy that said,
5“Tell the people of Jerusalem, ‘Look, your King is coming to you. He is humble, riding on a donkey— riding on a donkey’s colt.’”
6The two disciples did as Jesus commanded.
7They brought the donkey and the colt to him and threw their garments over the colt, and he sat on it.
8Most of the crowd spread their garments on the road ahead of him, and others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.
9Jesus was in the center of the procession, and the people all around him were shouting, “Praise God for the Son of David! Blessings on the one who comes in the name of the Lord! Praise God in highest heaven!”
10The entire city of Jerusalem was in an uproar as he entered. “Who is this?” they asked.
11And the crowds replied, “It’s Jesus, the prophet from Nazareth in Galilee.”
12Jesus entered the Temple and began to drive out all the people buying and selling animals for sacrifice. He knocked over the tables of the money changers and the chairs of those selling doves.
13He said to them, “The Scriptures declare, ‘My Temple will be called a house of prayer,’ but you have turned it into a den of thieves!”
14The blind and the lame came to him in the Temple, and he healed them.
15The leading priests and the teachers of religious law saw these wonderful miracles and heard even the children in the Temple shouting, “Praise God for the Son of David.” But the leaders were indignant.
16They asked Jesus, “Do you hear what these children are saying?” “Yes,” Jesus replied. “Haven’t you ever read the Scriptures? For they say, ‘You have taught children and infants to give you praise.’”
17Then he returned to Bethany, where he stayed overnight.
18In the morning, as Jesus was returning to Jerusalem, he was hungry,
19and he noticed a fig tree beside the road. He went over to see if there were any figs, but there were only leaves. Then he said to it, “May you never bear fruit again!” And immediately the fig tree withered up.
20The disciples were amazed when they saw this and asked, “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?”
21Then Jesus told them, “I tell you the truth, if you have faith and don’t doubt, you can do things like this and much more. You can even say to this mountain, ‘May you be lifted up and thrown into the sea,’ and it will happen.
22You can pray for anything, and if you have faith, you will receive it.”
23When Jesus returned to the Temple and began teaching, the leading priests and elders came up to him. They demanded, “By what authority are you doing all these things? Who gave you the right?”
24“I’ll tell you by what authority I do these things if you answer one question,” Jesus replied.
25“Did John’s authority to baptize come from heaven, or was it merely human?” They talked it over among themselves. “If we say it was from heaven, he will ask us why we didn’t believe John.
26But if we say it was merely human, we’ll be mobbed because the people believe John was a prophet.”
27So they finally replied, “We don’t know.” And Jesus responded, “Then I won’t tell you by what authority I do these things.
28“But what do you think about this? A man with two sons told the older boy, ‘Son, go out and work in the vineyard today.’
29The son answered, ‘No, I won’t go,’ but later he changed his mind and went anyway.
30Then the father told the other son, ‘You go,’ and he said, ‘Yes, sir, I will.’ But he didn’t go.
31“Which of the two obeyed his father?” They replied, “The first.” Then Jesus explained his meaning: “I tell you the truth, corrupt tax collectors and prostitutes will get into the Kingdom of God before you do.
32For John the Baptist came and showed you the right way to live, but you didn’t believe him, while tax collectors and prostitutes did. And even when you saw this happening, you refused to believe him and repent of your sins.
33“Now listen to another story. A certain landowner planted a vineyard, built a wall around it, dug a pit for pressing out the grape juice, and built a lookout tower. Then he leased the vineyard to tenant farmers and moved to another country.
34At the time of the grape harvest, he sent his servants to collect his share of the crop.
35But the farmers grabbed his servants, beat one, killed one, and stoned another.
36So the landowner sent a larger group of his servants to collect for him, but the results were the same.
37“Finally, the owner sent his son, thinking, ‘Surely they will respect my son.’
38“But when the tenant farmers saw his son coming, they said to one another, ‘Here comes the heir to this estate. Come on, let’s kill him and get the estate for ourselves!’
39So they grabbed him, dragged him out of the vineyard, and murdered him.
40“When the owner of the vineyard returns,” Jesus asked, “what do you think he will do to those farmers?”
41The religious leaders replied, “He will put the wicked men to a horrible death and lease the vineyard to others who will give him his share of the crop after each harvest.”
42Then Jesus asked them, “Didn’t you ever read this in the Scriptures? ‘The stone that the builders rejected has now become the cornerstone. This is the Lord’s doing, and it is wonderful to see.’
43I tell you, the Kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a nation that will produce the proper fruit.
44Anyone who stumbles over that stone will be broken to pieces, and it will crush anyone it falls on.”
45When the leading priests and Pharisees heard this parable, they realized he was telling the story against them—they were the wicked farmers.
46They wanted to arrest him, but they were afraid of the crowds, who considered Jesus to be a prophet.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ enters Jerusalem. (1–11). He drives out those who profaned the temple. (12–17). The barren fig-tree cursed. (18–22). Jesus' discourse in the temple. (23–27). The parable of the two sons. (28–32). The parable of the wicked husbandmen. (33–46).
vv1-11
This coming of Christ was described by the prophet Zechariah, Zec 9:9. When Christ would appear in his glory, it is in his meekness, not in his majesty, in mercy to work salvation. As meekness and outward poverty were fully seen in Zion's King, and marked his triumphal entrance to Jerusalem, how wrong covetousness, ambition, and the pride of life must be in Zion's citizens! They brought the ass, but Jesus did not use it without the owner's consent. The trappings were such as came to hand. We must not think the clothes on our backs too dear to part with for the service of Christ. The chief priests and the elders afterwards joined with the multitude that abused him upon the cross; but none of them joined the multitude that did him honour. Those that take Christ for their King, must lay their all under his feet. Hosanna signifies, Save now, we beseech thee! Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord! But of how little value is the applause of the people! The changing multitude join the cry of the day, whether it be Hosanna, or Crucify him. Multitudes often seem to approve the gospel, but few become consistent disciples. When Jesus was come into Jerusalem all the city was moved; some perhaps were moved with joy, who waited for the Consolation of Israel; others, of the Pharisees, were moved with envy. So various are the motions in the minds of men upon the approach of Christ's kingdom.
vv12-17
Christ found some of the courts of the temple turned into a market for cattle and things used in the sacrifices, and partly occupied by the money-changers. Our Lord drove them from the place, as he had done at his entering upon his ministry, Joh 2:13–17. His works testified of him more than the hosannas; and his healing in the temple was the fulfilling the promise, that the glory of the latter house should be greater than the glory of the former. If Christ came now into many parts of his visible church, how many secret evils he would discover and cleanse! And how many things daily practised under the cloak of religion, would he show to be more suitable to a den of thieves than to a house of prayer!
vv18-22
This cursing of the barren fig-tree represents the state of hypocrites in general, and so teaches us that Christ looks for the power of religion in those who profess it, and the savour of it from those that have the show of it. His just expectations from flourishing professors are often disappointed; he comes to many, seeking fruit, and finds leaves only. A false profession commonly withers in this world, and it is the effect of Christ's curse. The fig-tree that had no fruit, soon lost its leaves. This represents the state of the nation and people of the Jews in particular. Our Lord Jesus found among them nothing but leaves. And after they rejected Christ, blindness and hardness grew upon them, till they were undone, and their place and nation rooted up. The Lord was righteous in it. Let us greatly fear the doom denounced on the barren fig-tree.
Key Words
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ὅτε (hóte): at which (thing) too, i.e. when
ἐγγίζω (engízō): to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach
εἰς (eis): to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
Ἱεροσόλυμα (Hierosólyma): Hierosolyma (i.e. Jerushalaim), the capitol of Palestine
ἔρχομαι (érchomai): to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
Βηθφαγή (Bēthphagḗ): fig-house; Beth-phage, a place in Palestine
πρός (prós): a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e. pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of, i.e. near to; usually with the accusative case, the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, i.e. whither or for which it is predicated)
ὄρος (óros): perhaps akin to G142 (αἴρω); compare G3733 (ὄρνις)); a mountain (as lifting itself above the plain)
ἐλαία (elaía): an olive (the tree or the fruit)
Cross References
Matthew 21Directly cited and fulfilled in Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem riding on a colt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted by Jesus to show how the builders' rejection of the cornerstone was prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The source of the crowds' Messianic acclamation: 'Hosanna... Blessed is he that cometh...'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Quoted by Jesus to condemn the temple's corruption: 'My house shall be called a house of prayer.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quoted by Jesus to rebuke the moneychangers for turning the temple into a 'den of thieves.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quoted by Jesus to vindicate the praise of children crying out in the temple.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The foundational Old Testament background for Jesus' parable of the vineyard and the wicked husbandmen.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Thematic parallel in John's Gospel recording the purging of the temple moneychangers.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of the cursing of the fig tree, illustrating false profession and sudden judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic parallel showing God's judgment on a fruitless nation, represented by a barren fig tree.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Apostolic application of Psalm 118:22, identifying Jesus as the rejected stone who became the cornerstone.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophetic warnings about stumbling over the rock, parallel to Jesus' warning about falling on the stone.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Synoptic parallel where the chief priests and elders confront Jesus demanding His authority.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Confirms the publicans justified God and accepted John's baptism, unlike the self-righteous leaders.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Jesus' lamentation over Jerusalem for killing and stoning the prophets sent to her.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus repeats the lesson of faith that can move mountains to the sea.
Supported by Matthew Henry