Isaiah 22NASB
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Isaiah22

New American Standard

1The pronouncement concerning the valley of vision: What is the matter with you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops?

2You who were full of noise, You tumultuous town, you jubilant city; Your dead were not killed with the sword, Nor did they die in battle.

3All your rulers have fled together, And have been captured without the bow; All of you who were found were taken captive together, Though they had fled far away.

4Therefore I say, “Look away from me, Let me weep bitterly, Do not try to comfort me concerning the destruction of the daughter of my people.”

5For the Lord God of armies has a day of panic, subjugation, and confusion In the valley of vision, A breaking down of walls And a crying to the mountain.

6Elam picked up the quiver, With the chariots, infantry, and horsemen; And Kir uncovered the shield.

7Then your choicest valleys were full of chariots, And the horsemen took positions at the gate.

8And He removed the defense of Judah. On that day you depended on the weapons of the house of the forest,

9And you saw that the breaches In the wall of the city of David were many; And you collected the waters of the lower pool.

10Then you counted the houses of Jerusalem And tore down houses to fortify the wall.

11And you made a reservoir between the two walls For the waters of the old pool. But you did not depend on Him who made it, Nor did you take into consideration Him who planned it long ago.

12Therefore on that day the Lord God of armies called you to weeping, to wailing, To shaving the head, and to wearing sackcloth.

13Instead, there is joy and jubilation, Killing of cattle and slaughtering of sheep, Eating of meat and drinking of wine: “Let’s eat and drink, for tomorrow we may die.”

14But the Lord of armies revealed Himself to me: “Certainly this wrongdoing will not be forgiven you Until you die,” says the Lord God of armies.

15This is what the Lord God of armies says: “Come, go to this steward, To Shebna who is in charge of the royal household,

16‘What right do you have here, And whom do you have here, That you have cut out a tomb for yourself here, You who cut out a tomb on the height, You who carve a resting place for yourself in the rock?

17Behold, the Lord is about to hurl you violently, you strong man. And He is about to grasp you firmly

18And wrap you up tightly like a ball, To be driven into a vast country; There you will die, And there your splendid chariots will be, You shame of your master’s house!’

19I will depose you from your office, And I will pull you down from your position.

20Then it will come about on that day, That I will summon My servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah,

21And I will clothe him with your tunic And tie your sash securely around him. I will hand your authority over to him, And he will become a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah.

22Then I will put the key of the house of David on his shoulder; When he opens, no one will shut, When he shuts, no one will open.

23I will drive him like a peg in a firm place, And he will become a throne of glory to his father’s house.

24So they will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house, the offspring and the descendants, all the least of vessels, from bowls to all the jars.

25On that day,” declares the Lord of armies, “the peg driven into a firm place will give way; it will even break off and fall, and the load that is hanging on it will be cut off, for the Lord has spoken.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 22.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The siege and taking of Jerusalem. (1-7). The wicked conduct of its inhabitants. (8-14). The displacing of Shebna, and the promotion of Eliakim, applied to the Messiah. (15-25).

vv1-7

Why is Jerusalem in such terror? Her slain men are not slain with the sword, but with famine; or, slain with fear, disheartened. Their rulers fled, but were overtaken. The servants of God, who foresee and warn sinners of coming miseries, are affected by the prospect. But all the horrors of a city taken by storm, faintly shadow forth the terrors of the day of wrath.

vv8-14

The weakness of Judah now appeared more than ever. Now also they discovered their carnal confidence and their carnal security. They looked to the fortifications. They made sure of water for the city. But they were regardless of God in all these preparations. They did not care for his glory in what they did. They did not depend upon him for a blessing on their endeavours. For every creature is to us what God makes it to be; and we must bless him for it, and use it for him. There was great contempt of God's wrath and justice, in contending with them. God's design was to humble them, and bring them to repentance. They walked contrary to this. Actual disbelief of another life after this, is at the bottom of the carnal security and brutish sensuality, which are the sin, the shame, and ruin of so great a part of mankind. God was displeased at this. It is a sin against the remedy, and it is not likely they should ever repent of it. Whether this unbelief works by presumption or despair, it produces the same contempt of God, and is a token that a man will perish wilfully.

vv15-25

This message to Shebna is a reproof of his pride, vanity, and security; what vanity is all earthly grandeur, which death will so soon end! What will it avail, whether we are laid in a magnificent tomb, or covered with the green sod? Those who, when in power, turn and toss others, will be justly turned and tossed themselves. Eliakim should be put into Shebna's place. Those called to places of trust and power, should seek to God for grace to enable them to do their duty. Eliakim's advancement is described. Our Lord Jesus describes his own power as Mediator, Rev. 3:7, that he has the key of David. His power in the kingdom of heaven, and in ordering all the affairs of that kingdom, is absolute. Rulers should be fathers to those under their government; and the honour men bring unto their families, by their piety and usefulness, is more to be valued than what they derive from them by their names and titles. The glory of this world gives a man no real worth or excellence; it is but hung upon him, and it will soon drop from him. Eliakim was compared to a nail in a sure place; all his family are said to depend upon him. In eastern houses, rows of large spikes were built up in the walls. Upon these the moveables and utensils were hung. Our Lord Jesus is as a nail in a sure place. That soul cannot perish, nor that concern fall to the ground, which is by faith hung upon Christ. He will set before the believer an open door, which no man can shut, and bring both body and soul to eternal glory. But those who neglect so great salvation will find, that when he shutteth none can open, whether it be shutting out from heaven, or shutting up in hell for ever.

Cross References

Isaiah 22
v22Revelation 3:7fulfillment

Christ applies the key of David to Himself, exercising absolute authority to open and shut.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Records Hezekiah's actual historical repairs of Jerusalem's breaches and fortifications under siege.

Supported by JFB

Describes Hezekiah's engineering work of blocking and redirecting the waters of the upper pool.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Paul quotes the fatalistic proverb 'let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we die'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62 Kings 16:9thematic

Historically links Kir as a subject state of Assyria, demonstrating its role in the invading army.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 36:3thematic

Shows the fulfillment of the prophecy; Eliakim is promoted over the household while Shebna is scribe.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Psalms 125:2thematic

Contrasts the valleys surrounding Jerusalem with the mountains of divine protection.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Jeremiah 48:38thematic

Parallels the custom of going up to the housetops in times of terror and mourning.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Amos 6:3-6thematic

Condemns the same carnal security, revelry, and luxury in the face of imminent judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 7:2thematic

Identifies the house of the forest of Lebanon built by Solomon as Judah's armory.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v141 Samuel 3:14thematic

Parallels the solemn decree that certain iniquities will not be purged by sacrifice.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Matthew 27:60contrast

Contrasts Shebna's prideful tomb with the rock-hewn tomb borrowed by the humble Messiah.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Esther 7:8thematic

Illustrates the practice of covering the face of a condemned official destined for ruin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Zechariah 10:4allusion

Uses the architectural metaphor of the 'nail' or peg to represent stable, God-given leadership.

Supported by Matthew Henry