Isaiah 22NIV
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Isaiah22

New International Version

1A prophecy against the Valley of Vision: What troubles you now, that you have all gone up on the roofs,

2you town so full of commotion, you city of tumult and revelry? Your slain were not killed by the sword, nor did they die in battle.

3All your leaders have fled together; they have been captured without using the bow. All you who were caught were taken prisoner together, having fled while the enemy was still far away.

4Therefore I said, “Turn away from me; let me weep bitterly. Do not try to console me over the destruction of my people.”

5The Lord, the Lord Almighty, has a day of tumult and trampling and terror in the Valley of Vision, a day of battering down walls and of crying out to the mountains.

6Elam takes up the quiver, with her charioteers and horses; Kir uncovers the shield.

7Your choicest valleys are full of chariots, and horsemen are posted at the city gates.

8The Lord stripped away the defenses of Judah, and you looked in that day to the weapons in the Palace of the Forest.

9You saw that the walls of the City of David were broken through in many places; you stored up water in the Lower Pool.

10You counted the buildings in Jerusalem and tore down houses to strengthen the wall.

11You built a reservoir between the two walls for the water of the Old Pool, but you did not look to the One who made it, or have regard for the One who planned it long ago.

12The Lord, the Lord Almighty, called you on that day to weep and to wail, to tear out your hair and put on sackcloth.

13But see, there is joy and revelry, slaughtering of cattle and killing of sheep, eating of meat and drinking of wine! “Let us eat and drink,” you say, “for tomorrow we die!”

14The Lord Almighty has revealed this in my hearing: “Till your dying day this sin will not be atoned for,” says the Lord, the Lord Almighty.

15This is what the Lord, the Lord Almighty, says: “Go, say to this steward, to Shebna the palace administrator:

16What are you doing here and who gave you permission to cut out a grave for yourself here, hewing your grave on the height and chiseling your resting place in the rock?

17“Beware, the Lord is about to take firm hold of you and hurl you away, you mighty man.

18He will roll you up tightly like a ball and throw you into a large country. There you will die and there the chariots you were so proud of will become a disgrace to your master’s house.

19I will depose you from your office, and you will be ousted from your position.

20“In that day I will summon my servant, Eliakim son of Hilkiah.

21I will clothe him with your robe and fasten your sash around him and hand your authority over to him. He will be a father to those who live in Jerusalem and to the people of Judah.

22I will place on his shoulder the key to the house of David; what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.

23I will drive him like a peg into a firm place; he will become a seat of honor for the house of his father.

24All the glory of his family will hang on him: its offspring and offshoots—all its lesser vessels, from the bowls to all the jars.

25“In that day,” declares the Lord Almighty, “the peg driven into the firm place will give way; it will be sheared off and will fall, and the load hanging on it will be cut down.” The Lord has spoken.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 22.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The siege and taking of Jerusalem. (1-7). The wicked conduct of its inhabitants. (8-14). The displacing of Shebna, and the promotion of Eliakim, applied to the Messiah. (15-25).

vv1-7

Why is Jerusalem in such terror? Her slain men are not slain with the sword, but with famine; or, slain with fear, disheartened. Their rulers fled, but were overtaken. The servants of God, who foresee and warn sinners of coming miseries, are affected by the prospect. But all the horrors of a city taken by storm, faintly shadow forth the terrors of the day of wrath.

vv8-14

The weakness of Judah now appeared more than ever. Now also they discovered their carnal confidence and their carnal security. They looked to the fortifications. They made sure of water for the city. But they were regardless of God in all these preparations. They did not care for his glory in what they did. They did not depend upon him for a blessing on their endeavours. For every creature is to us what God makes it to be; and we must bless him for it, and use it for him. There was great contempt of God's wrath and justice, in contending with them. God's design was to humble them, and bring them to repentance. They walked contrary to this. Actual disbelief of another life after this, is at the bottom of the carnal security and brutish sensuality, which are the sin, the shame, and ruin of so great a part of mankind. God was displeased at this. It is a sin against the remedy, and it is not likely they should ever repent of it. Whether this unbelief works by presumption or despair, it produces the same contempt of God, and is a token that a man will perish wilfully.

vv15-25

This message to Shebna is a reproof of his pride, vanity, and security; what vanity is all earthly grandeur, which death will so soon end! What will it avail, whether we are laid in a magnificent tomb, or covered with the green sod? Those who, when in power, turn and toss others, will be justly turned and tossed themselves. Eliakim should be put into Shebna's place. Those called to places of trust and power, should seek to God for grace to enable them to do their duty. Eliakim's advancement is described. Our Lord Jesus describes his own power as Mediator, Rev. 3:7, that he has the key of David. His power in the kingdom of heaven, and in ordering all the affairs of that kingdom, is absolute. Rulers should be fathers to those under their government; and the honour men bring unto their families, by their piety and usefulness, is more to be valued than what they derive from them by their names and titles. The glory of this world gives a man no real worth or excellence; it is but hung upon him, and it will soon drop from him. Eliakim was compared to a nail in a sure place; all his family are said to depend upon him. In eastern houses, rows of large spikes were built up in the walls. Upon these the moveables and utensils were hung. Our Lord Jesus is as a nail in a sure place. That soul cannot perish, nor that concern fall to the ground, which is by faith hung upon Christ. He will set before the believer an open door, which no man can shut, and bring both body and soul to eternal glory. But those who neglect so great salvation will find, that when he shutteth none can open, whether it be shutting out from heaven, or shutting up in hell for ever.

Cross References

Isaiah 22
v22Revelation 3:7fulfillment

Christ applies the key of David to Himself, exercising absolute authority to open and shut.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Records Hezekiah's actual historical repairs of Jerusalem's breaches and fortifications under siege.

Supported by JFB

Describes Hezekiah's engineering work of blocking and redirecting the waters of the upper pool.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Paul quotes the fatalistic proverb 'let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we die'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62 Kings 16:9thematic

Historically links Kir as a subject state of Assyria, demonstrating its role in the invading army.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 36:3thematic

Shows the fulfillment of the prophecy; Eliakim is promoted over the household while Shebna is scribe.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Psalms 125:2thematic

Contrasts the valleys surrounding Jerusalem with the mountains of divine protection.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Jeremiah 48:38thematic

Parallels the custom of going up to the housetops in times of terror and mourning.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Amos 6:3-6thematic

Condemns the same carnal security, revelry, and luxury in the face of imminent judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 7:2thematic

Identifies the house of the forest of Lebanon built by Solomon as Judah's armory.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v141 Samuel 3:14thematic

Parallels the solemn decree that certain iniquities will not be purged by sacrifice.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Matthew 27:60contrast

Contrasts Shebna's prideful tomb with the rock-hewn tomb borrowed by the humble Messiah.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Esther 7:8thematic

Illustrates the practice of covering the face of a condemned official destined for ruin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Zechariah 10:4allusion

Uses the architectural metaphor of the 'nail' or peg to represent stable, God-given leadership.

Supported by Matthew Henry