1 Corinthians15
New International Version
1Now, brothers and sisters, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you, which you received and on which you have taken your stand.
2By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain.
3For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,
4that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,
5and that he appeared to Cephas, and then to the Twelve.
6After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep.
7Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles,
8and last of all he appeared to me also, as to one abnormally born.
9For I am the least of the apostles and do not even deserve to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
10But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me was not without effect. No, I worked harder than all of them—yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me.
11Whether, then, it is I or they, this is what we preach, and this is what you believed.
12But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?
13If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised.
14And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith.
15More than that, we are then found to be false witnesses about God, for we have testified about God that he raised Christ from the dead. But he did not raise him if in fact the dead are not raised.
16For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised either.
17And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins.
18Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost.
19If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied.
20But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.
21For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man.
22For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive.
23But each in turn: Christ, the firstfruits; then, when he comes, those who belong to him.
24Then the end will come, when he hands over the kingdom to God the Father after he has destroyed all dominion, authority and power.
25For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet.
26The last enemy to be destroyed is death.
27For he “has put everything under his feet.” Now when it says that “everything” has been put under him, it is clear that this does not include God himself, who put everything under Christ.
28When he has done this, then the Son himself will be made subject to him who put everything under him, so that God may be all in all.
29Now if there is no resurrection, what will those do who are baptized for the dead? If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized for them?
30And as for us, why do we endanger ourselves every hour?
31I face death every day—yes, just as surely as I boast about you in Christ Jesus our Lord.
32If I fought wild beasts in Ephesus with no more than human hopes, what have I gained? If the dead are not raised, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.”
33Do not be misled: “Bad company corrupts good character.”
34Come back to your senses as you ought, and stop sinning; for there are some who are ignorant of God—I say this to your shame.
35But someone will ask, “How are the dead raised? With what kind of body will they come?”
36How foolish! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies.
37When you sow, you do not plant the body that will be, but just a seed, perhaps of wheat or of something else.
38But God gives it a body as he has determined, and to each kind of seed he gives its own body.
39Not all flesh is the same: People have one kind of flesh, animals have another, birds another and fish another.
40There are also heavenly bodies and there are earthly bodies; but the splendor of the heavenly bodies is one kind, and the splendor of the earthly bodies is another.
41The sun has one kind of splendor, the moon another and the stars another; and star differs from star in splendor.
42So will it be with the resurrection of the dead. The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable;
43it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;
44it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
45So it is written: “The first man Adam became a living being”; the last Adam, a life-giving spirit.
46The spiritual did not come first, but the natural, and after that the spiritual.
47The first man was of the dust of the earth; the second man is of heaven.
48As was the earthly man, so are those who are of the earth; and as is the heavenly man, so also are those who are of heaven.
49And just as we have borne the image of the earthly man, so shall we bear the image of the heavenly man.
50I declare to you, brothers and sisters, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable.
51Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed—
52in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
53For the perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality.
54When the perishable has been clothed with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality, then the saying that is written will come true: “Death has been swallowed up in victory.”
55“Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?”
56The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.
57But thanks be to God! He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
58Therefore, my dear brothers and sisters, stand firm. Let nothing move you. Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Corinthians 15.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The apostle proves the resurrection of Christ from the dead. (1–11). Those answered who deny the resurrection of the body. (12–19). The resurrection of believers to eternal life. (20–34). Objections against it answered. (35–50). The mystery of the change that will be made on those living at Christ's second coming. (51–54). The believer's triumph over death and the grave, An exhortation to diligence. (55–58).
vv1-11
The word resurrection, usually points out our existence beyond the grave. Of the apostle's doctrine not a trace can be found in all the teaching of philosophers. The doctrine of Christ's death and resurrection, is the foundation of Christianity. Remove this, and all our hopes for eternity sink at once. And it is by holding this truth firm, that Christians stand in the day of trial, and are kept faithful to God. We believe in vain, unless we keep in the faith of the gospel. This truth is confirmed by Old Testament prophecies; and many saw Christ after he was risen. This apostle was highly favoured, but he always had a low opinion of himself, and expressed it. When sinners are, by Divine grace, turned into saints, God causes the remembrance of former sins to make them humble, diligent, and faithful. He ascribes to Divine grace all that was valuable in him. True believers, though not ignorant of what the Lord has done for, in, and by them, yet when they look at their whole conduct and their obligations, they are led to feel that none are so worthless as they are. All true Christians believe that Jesus Christ, and him crucified, and then risen from the dead, is the sun and substance of Christianity. All the apostles agreed in this testimony; by this faith they lived, and in this faith they died.
vv12-19
Having shown that Christ was risen, the apostle answers those who said there would be no resurrection. There had been no justification, or salvation, if Christ had not risen. And must not faith in Christ be vain, and of no use, if he is still among the dead? The proof of the resurrection of the body is the resurrection of our Lord. Even those who died in the faith, had perished in their sins, if Christ had not risen. All who believe in Christ, have hope in him, as a Redeemer; hope for redemption and salvation by him; but if there is no resurrection, or future recompence, their hope in him can only be as to this life. And they must be in a worse condition than the rest of mankind, especially at the time, and under the circumstances, in which the apostles wrote; for then Christians were hated and persecuted by all men. But it is not so; they, of all men, enjoy solid comforts amidst all their difficulties and trials, even in the times of the sharpest persecution.
vv20-34
All that are by faith united to Christ, are by his resurrection assured of their own. As through the sin of the first Adam, all men became mortal, because all had from him the same sinful nature, so, through the resurrection of Christ, shall all who are made to partake of the Spirit, and the spiritual nature, revive, and live for ever. There will be an order in the resurrection. Christ himself has been the first-fruits; at his coming, his redeemed people will be raised before others; at the last the wicked will rise also. Then will be the end of this present state of things. Would we triumph in that solemn and important season, we must now submit to his rule, accept his salvation, and live to his glory. Then shall we rejoice in the completion of his undertaking, that God may receive the whole glory of our salvation, that we may for ever serve him, and enjoy his favour. What shall those do, who are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Perhaps baptism is used here in a figure, for afflictions, sufferings, and martyrdom, as Mt 20:22, 23. What is, or will become of those who have suffered many and great injuries, and have even lost their lives, for this doctrine of the resurrection, if the dead rise not at all? Whatever the meaning may be, doubtless the apostle's argument was understood by the Corinthians. And it is as plain to us that Christianity would be a foolish profession, if it proposed advantage to themselves by their faithfulness to God; and to have our fruit to holiness, that our end may be everlasting life. But we must not live like beasts, as we do not die like them. It must be ignorance of God that leads any to disbelieve the resurrection and future life. Those who own a God and a providence, and observe how unequal things are in the present life, how frequently the best men fare worst, cannot doubt as to an after-state, where every thing will be set to rights. Let us not be joined with ungodly men; but warn all around us, especially children and young persons, to shun them as a pestilence. Let us awake to righteousness, and not sin.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
γνωρίζω (gnōrízō): to make known; subjectively, to know
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
ἀδελφός (adelphós): a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like G1 (Α))
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion): a good message, i.e. the gospel
εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō): to announce good news ("evangelize") especially the gospel
παραλαμβάνω (paralambánō): to receive near, i.e. associate with oneself (in any familiar or intimate act or relation); by analogy, to assume an office; figuratively, to learn
ἵστημι (hístēmi): to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Cross References
1 Corinthians 15Prophetic description of Messiah dying for our sins, specifically cited as 'according to the scriptures.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophecy that God's Holy One would not see corruption, fulfilled in Christ's third-day resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly cited: 'He must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Directly cited: 'For he hath put all things under his feet' as Messianic headship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul quotes the creation of the first man Adam as a 'living soul' from Genesis.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly quoted: 'Death is swallowed up in victory' is the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The dramatic rhetorical taunt of death and the grave is drawn from Hosea's prophecy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Explicit historical account of Jesus appearing specifically to Simon (Cephas) after His resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The defining comparative parallel of death in Adam versus justification and life in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Prophetic source for the ultimate swallowing up and destruction of death as an enemy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Quoted by Paul to represent the epicurean, hopeless despair of those denying the resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Jesus uses the identical agricultural analogy: grain must fall and die to bring life.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The theological framework contrasting Adam and Christ as the federal heads of humanity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallel description of the last trumpet sounding and the dead rising at Christ's coming.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul uses the same clothing metaphor of being clothed upon with our heavenly house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Paul's verbal parallel of delivering ('I delivered') what he also received by revelation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jonah's three days in the whale as a type of Christ's three days in the grave.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The mountain meeting in Galilee, likely where the five hundred brethren saw the risen Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's parallel confession of being the chief of sinners, echoing his humility in v. 9.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel where Paul calls himself 'less than the least of all saints,' matching 'least of the apostles.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical example of false teachers (Hymeneus and Philetus) who destroyed faith by denying the physical resurrection.
Supported by John Calvin
Christ designated as the firstborn from the dead, directly parallel to 'firstfruits of them that slept.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original judgment linking Adam's sin with the arrival of physical death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Elaborates on the specific 'order' and timing of the resurrection at His coming.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Affirms the systematic destruction of the devil and his power over death.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Asserts that Christ has fundamentally abolished death, validating its description as 'destroyed'.
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic expectation of Yahweh redeeming His people from the power of the grave.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Shares the distinctive eschatological concept of Christ/God being 'all in all'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The righteous rising to shine as the brightness of the firmament and stars.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus as the quickening spirit who has life in Himself and raises the dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts him who is of the earth (earthy) with Him who comes from heaven.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Believers are predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son.
Supported by John Calvin
A matching burst of thanksgiving to God for deliverance through Jesus Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Believers are 'more than conquerors' through Him, possessing the victory over death.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophecy of the Messiah being 'cut off, but not for himself' to make reconciliation for iniquity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms Paul received his Gospel not from man, but by direct revelation of Jesus Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole