1 Corinthians15
New King James Version
1Moreover, brethren, I declare to you the gospel which I preached to you, which also you received and in which you stand,
2by which also you are saved, if you hold fast that word which I preached to you—unless you believed in vain.
3For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,
4and that He was buried, and that He rose again the third day according to the Scriptures,
5and that He was seen by Cephas, then by the twelve.
6After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain to the present, but some have fallen asleep.
7After that He was seen by James, then by all the apostles.
8Then last of all He was seen by me also, as by one born out of due time.
9For I am the least of the apostles, who am not worthy to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
10But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace toward me was not in vain; but I labored more abundantly than they all, yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.
11Therefore, whether it was I or they, so we preach and so you believed.
12Now if Christ is preached that He has been raised from the dead, how do some among you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?
13But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ is not risen.
14And if Christ is not risen, then our preaching is empty and your faith is also empty.
15Yes, and we are found false witnesses of God, because we have testified of God that He raised up Christ, whom He did not raise up—if in fact the dead do not rise.
16For if the dead do not rise, then Christ is not risen.
17And if Christ is not risen, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins!
18Then also those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished.
19If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men the most pitiable.
20But now Christ is risen from the dead, and has become the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.
21For since by man came death, by Man also came the resurrection of the dead.
22For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive.
23But each one in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, afterward those who are Christ’s at His coming.
24Then comes the end, when He delivers the kingdom to God the Father, when He puts an end to all rule and all authority and power.
25For He must reign till He has put all enemies under His feet.
26The last enemy that will be destroyed is death.
27For “He has put all things under His feet.” But when He says “all things are put under Him,” it is evident that He who put all things under Him is excepted.
28Now when all things are made subject to Him, then the Son Himself will also be subject to Him who put all things under Him, that God may be all in all.
29Otherwise, what will they do who are baptized for the dead, if the dead do not rise at all? Why then are they baptized for the dead?
30And why do we stand in jeopardy every hour?
31I affirm, by the boasting in you which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord, I die daily.
32If, in the manner of men, I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantage is it to me? If the dead do not rise, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”
33Do not be deceived: “Evil company corrupts good habits.”
34Awake to righteousness, and do not sin; for some do not have the knowledge of God. I speak this to your shame.
35But someone will say, “How are the dead raised up? And with what body do they come?”
36Foolish one, what you sow is not made alive unless it dies.
37And what you sow, you do not sow that body that shall be, but mere grain—perhaps wheat or some other grain.
38But God gives it a body as He pleases, and to each seed its own body.
39All flesh is not the same flesh, but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of animals, another of fish, and another of birds.
40There are also celestial bodies and terrestrial bodies; but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another.
41There is one glory of the sun, another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differs from another star in glory.
42So also is the resurrection of the dead. The body is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption.
43It is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness, it is raised in power.
44It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body.
45And so it is written, “The first man Adam became a living being.” The last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
46However, the spiritual is not first, but the natural, and afterward the spiritual.
47The first man was of the earth, made of dust; the second Man is the Lord from heaven.
48As was the man of dust, so also are those who are made of dust; and as is the heavenly Man, so also are those who are heavenly.
49And as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the image of the heavenly Man.
50Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; nor does corruption inherit incorruption.
51Behold, I tell you a mystery: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed—
52in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.
53For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.
54So when this corruptible has put on incorruption, and this mortal has put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written: “Death is swallowed up in victory.”
55“O Death, where is your sting? O Hades, where is your victory?”
56The sting of death is sin, and the strength of sin is the law.
57But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
58Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Corinthians 15.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The apostle proves the resurrection of Christ from the dead. (1–11). Those answered who deny the resurrection of the body. (12–19). The resurrection of believers to eternal life. (20–34). Objections against it answered. (35–50). The mystery of the change that will be made on those living at Christ's second coming. (51–54). The believer's triumph over death and the grave, An exhortation to diligence. (55–58).
vv1-11
The word resurrection, usually points out our existence beyond the grave. Of the apostle's doctrine not a trace can be found in all the teaching of philosophers. The doctrine of Christ's death and resurrection, is the foundation of Christianity. Remove this, and all our hopes for eternity sink at once. And it is by holding this truth firm, that Christians stand in the day of trial, and are kept faithful to God. We believe in vain, unless we keep in the faith of the gospel. This truth is confirmed by Old Testament prophecies; and many saw Christ after he was risen. This apostle was highly favoured, but he always had a low opinion of himself, and expressed it. When sinners are, by Divine grace, turned into saints, God causes the remembrance of former sins to make them humble, diligent, and faithful. He ascribes to Divine grace all that was valuable in him. True believers, though not ignorant of what the Lord has done for, in, and by them, yet when they look at their whole conduct and their obligations, they are led to feel that none are so worthless as they are. All true Christians believe that Jesus Christ, and him crucified, and then risen from the dead, is the sun and substance of Christianity. All the apostles agreed in this testimony; by this faith they lived, and in this faith they died.
vv12-19
Having shown that Christ was risen, the apostle answers those who said there would be no resurrection. There had been no justification, or salvation, if Christ had not risen. And must not faith in Christ be vain, and of no use, if he is still among the dead? The proof of the resurrection of the body is the resurrection of our Lord. Even those who died in the faith, had perished in their sins, if Christ had not risen. All who believe in Christ, have hope in him, as a Redeemer; hope for redemption and salvation by him; but if there is no resurrection, or future recompence, their hope in him can only be as to this life. And they must be in a worse condition than the rest of mankind, especially at the time, and under the circumstances, in which the apostles wrote; for then Christians were hated and persecuted by all men. But it is not so; they, of all men, enjoy solid comforts amidst all their difficulties and trials, even in the times of the sharpest persecution.
vv20-34
All that are by faith united to Christ, are by his resurrection assured of their own. As through the sin of the first Adam, all men became mortal, because all had from him the same sinful nature, so, through the resurrection of Christ, shall all who are made to partake of the Spirit, and the spiritual nature, revive, and live for ever. There will be an order in the resurrection. Christ himself has been the first-fruits; at his coming, his redeemed people will be raised before others; at the last the wicked will rise also. Then will be the end of this present state of things. Would we triumph in that solemn and important season, we must now submit to his rule, accept his salvation, and live to his glory. Then shall we rejoice in the completion of his undertaking, that God may receive the whole glory of our salvation, that we may for ever serve him, and enjoy his favour. What shall those do, who are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Perhaps baptism is used here in a figure, for afflictions, sufferings, and martyrdom, as Mt 20:22, 23. What is, or will become of those who have suffered many and great injuries, and have even lost their lives, for this doctrine of the resurrection, if the dead rise not at all? Whatever the meaning may be, doubtless the apostle's argument was understood by the Corinthians. And it is as plain to us that Christianity would be a foolish profession, if it proposed advantage to themselves by their faithfulness to God; and to have our fruit to holiness, that our end may be everlasting life. But we must not live like beasts, as we do not die like them. It must be ignorance of God that leads any to disbelieve the resurrection and future life. Those who own a God and a providence, and observe how unequal things are in the present life, how frequently the best men fare worst, cannot doubt as to an after-state, where every thing will be set to rights. Let us not be joined with ungodly men; but warn all around us, especially children and young persons, to shun them as a pestilence. Let us awake to righteousness, and not sin.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
γνωρίζω (gnōrízō): to make known; subjectively, to know
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
ἀδελφός (adelphós): a brother (literally or figuratively) near or remote (much like G1 (Α))
ὅς (hós): the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that
εὐαγγέλιον (euangélion): a good message, i.e. the gospel
εὐαγγελίζω (euangelízō): to announce good news ("evangelize") especially the gospel
παραλαμβάνω (paralambánō): to receive near, i.e. associate with oneself (in any familiar or intimate act or relation); by analogy, to assume an office; figuratively, to learn
ἵστημι (hístēmi): to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
Cross References
1 Corinthians 15Prophetic description of Messiah dying for our sins, specifically cited as 'according to the scriptures.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophecy that God's Holy One would not see corruption, fulfilled in Christ's third-day resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly cited: 'He must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Directly cited: 'For he hath put all things under his feet' as Messianic headship.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul quotes the creation of the first man Adam as a 'living soul' from Genesis.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Directly quoted: 'Death is swallowed up in victory' is the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The dramatic rhetorical taunt of death and the grave is drawn from Hosea's prophecy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Explicit historical account of Jesus appearing specifically to Simon (Cephas) after His resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The defining comparative parallel of death in Adam versus justification and life in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Prophetic source for the ultimate swallowing up and destruction of death as an enemy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Quoted by Paul to represent the epicurean, hopeless despair of those denying the resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Jesus uses the identical agricultural analogy: grain must fall and die to bring life.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The theological framework contrasting Adam and Christ as the federal heads of humanity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallel description of the last trumpet sounding and the dead rising at Christ's coming.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul uses the same clothing metaphor of being clothed upon with our heavenly house.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Paul's verbal parallel of delivering ('I delivered') what he also received by revelation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jonah's three days in the whale as a type of Christ's three days in the grave.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The mountain meeting in Galilee, likely where the five hundred brethren saw the risen Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Paul's parallel confession of being the chief of sinners, echoing his humility in v. 9.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel where Paul calls himself 'less than the least of all saints,' matching 'least of the apostles.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical example of false teachers (Hymeneus and Philetus) who destroyed faith by denying the physical resurrection.
Supported by John Calvin
Christ designated as the firstborn from the dead, directly parallel to 'firstfruits of them that slept.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original judgment linking Adam's sin with the arrival of physical death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Elaborates on the specific 'order' and timing of the resurrection at His coming.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Affirms the systematic destruction of the devil and his power over death.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Asserts that Christ has fundamentally abolished death, validating its description as 'destroyed'.
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic expectation of Yahweh redeeming His people from the power of the grave.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Shares the distinctive eschatological concept of Christ/God being 'all in all'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The righteous rising to shine as the brightness of the firmament and stars.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus as the quickening spirit who has life in Himself and raises the dead.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts him who is of the earth (earthy) with Him who comes from heaven.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Believers are predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son.
Supported by John Calvin
A matching burst of thanksgiving to God for deliverance through Jesus Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Believers are 'more than conquerors' through Him, possessing the victory over death.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Prophecy of the Messiah being 'cut off, but not for himself' to make reconciliation for iniquity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms Paul received his Gospel not from man, but by direct revelation of Jesus Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole