Isaiah 22NKJV
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Isaiah22

New King James Version

1The burden against the Valley of Vision. What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops,

2You who are full of noise, A tumultuous city, a joyous city? Your slain men are not slain with the sword, Nor dead in battle.

3All your rulers have fled together; They are captured by the archers. All who are found in you are bound together; They have fled from afar.

4Therefore I said, “Look away from me, I will weep bitterly; Do not labor to comfort me Because of the plundering of the daughter of my people.”

5For it is a day of trouble and treading down and perplexity By the Lord God of hosts In the Valley of Vision— Breaking down the walls And of crying to the mountain.

6Elam bore the quiver With chariots of men and horsemen, And Kir uncovered the shield.

7It shall come to pass that your choicest valleys Shall be full of chariots, And the horsemen shall set themselves in array at the gate.

8He removed the protection of Judah. You looked in that day to the armor of the House of the Forest;

9You also saw the damage to the city of David, That it was great; And you gathered together the waters of the lower pool.

10You numbered the houses of Jerusalem, And the houses you broke down To fortify the wall.

11You also made a reservoir between the two walls For the water of the old pool. But you did not look to its Maker, Nor did you have respect for Him who fashioned it long ago.

12And in that day the Lord God of hosts Called for weeping and for mourning, For baldness and for girding with sackcloth.

13But instead, joy and gladness, Slaying oxen and killing sheep, Eating meat and drinking wine: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”

14Then it was revealed in my hearing by the Lord of hosts, “Surely for this iniquity there will be no atonement for you, Even to your death,” says the Lord God of hosts.

15Thus says the Lord God of hosts: “Go, proceed to this steward, To Shebna, who is over the house, and say:

16‘What have you here, and whom have you here, That you have hewn a sepulcher here, As he who hews himself a sepulcher on high, Who carves a tomb for himself in a rock?

17Indeed, the Lord will throw you away violently, O mighty man, And will surely seize you.

18He will surely turn violently and toss you like a ball Into a large country; There you shall die, and there your glorious chariots Shall be the shame of your master’s house.

19So I will drive you out of your office, And from your position he will pull you down.

20‘Then it shall be in that day, That I will call My servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah;

21I will clothe him with your robe And strengthen him with your belt; I will commit your responsibility into his hand. He shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem And to the house of Judah.

22The key of the house of David I will lay on his shoulder; So he shall open, and no one shall shut; And he shall shut, and no one shall open.

23I will fasten him as a peg in a secure place, And he will become a glorious throne to his father’s house.

24‘They will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house, the offspring and the posterity, all vessels of small quantity, from the cups to all the pitchers.

25In that day,’ says the Lord of hosts, ‘the peg that is fastened in the secure place will be removed and be cut down and fall, and the burden that was on it will be cut off; for the Lord has spoken.’ ”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 22.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The siege and taking of Jerusalem. (1-7). The wicked conduct of its inhabitants. (8-14). The displacing of Shebna, and the promotion of Eliakim, applied to the Messiah. (15-25).

vv1-7

Why is Jerusalem in such terror? Her slain men are not slain with the sword, but with famine; or, slain with fear, disheartened. Their rulers fled, but were overtaken. The servants of God, who foresee and warn sinners of coming miseries, are affected by the prospect. But all the horrors of a city taken by storm, faintly shadow forth the terrors of the day of wrath.

vv8-14

The weakness of Judah now appeared more than ever. Now also they discovered their carnal confidence and their carnal security. They looked to the fortifications. They made sure of water for the city. But they were regardless of God in all these preparations. They did not care for his glory in what they did. They did not depend upon him for a blessing on their endeavours. For every creature is to us what God makes it to be; and we must bless him for it, and use it for him. There was great contempt of God's wrath and justice, in contending with them. God's design was to humble them, and bring them to repentance. They walked contrary to this. Actual disbelief of another life after this, is at the bottom of the carnal security and brutish sensuality, which are the sin, the shame, and ruin of so great a part of mankind. God was displeased at this. It is a sin against the remedy, and it is not likely they should ever repent of it. Whether this unbelief works by presumption or despair, it produces the same contempt of God, and is a token that a man will perish wilfully.

vv15-25

This message to Shebna is a reproof of his pride, vanity, and security; what vanity is all earthly grandeur, which death will so soon end! What will it avail, whether we are laid in a magnificent tomb, or covered with the green sod? Those who, when in power, turn and toss others, will be justly turned and tossed themselves. Eliakim should be put into Shebna's place. Those called to places of trust and power, should seek to God for grace to enable them to do their duty. Eliakim's advancement is described. Our Lord Jesus describes his own power as Mediator, Rev. 3:7, that he has the key of David. His power in the kingdom of heaven, and in ordering all the affairs of that kingdom, is absolute. Rulers should be fathers to those under their government; and the honour men bring unto their families, by their piety and usefulness, is more to be valued than what they derive from them by their names and titles. The glory of this world gives a man no real worth or excellence; it is but hung upon him, and it will soon drop from him. Eliakim was compared to a nail in a sure place; all his family are said to depend upon him. In eastern houses, rows of large spikes were built up in the walls. Upon these the moveables and utensils were hung. Our Lord Jesus is as a nail in a sure place. That soul cannot perish, nor that concern fall to the ground, which is by faith hung upon Christ. He will set before the believer an open door, which no man can shut, and bring both body and soul to eternal glory. But those who neglect so great salvation will find, that when he shutteth none can open, whether it be shutting out from heaven, or shutting up in hell for ever.

Cross References

Isaiah 22
v22Revelation 3:7fulfillment

Christ applies the key of David to Himself, exercising absolute authority to open and shut.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Records Hezekiah's actual historical repairs of Jerusalem's breaches and fortifications under siege.

Supported by JFB

Describes Hezekiah's engineering work of blocking and redirecting the waters of the upper pool.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Paul quotes the fatalistic proverb 'let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we die'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62 Kings 16:9thematic

Historically links Kir as a subject state of Assyria, demonstrating its role in the invading army.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 36:3thematic

Shows the fulfillment of the prophecy; Eliakim is promoted over the household while Shebna is scribe.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Psalms 125:2thematic

Contrasts the valleys surrounding Jerusalem with the mountains of divine protection.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Jeremiah 48:38thematic

Parallels the custom of going up to the housetops in times of terror and mourning.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Amos 6:3-6thematic

Condemns the same carnal security, revelry, and luxury in the face of imminent judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Kings 7:2thematic

Identifies the house of the forest of Lebanon built by Solomon as Judah's armory.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v141 Samuel 3:14thematic

Parallels the solemn decree that certain iniquities will not be purged by sacrifice.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v16Matthew 27:60contrast

Contrasts Shebna's prideful tomb with the rock-hewn tomb borrowed by the humble Messiah.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Esther 7:8thematic

Illustrates the practice of covering the face of a condemned official destined for ruin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Zechariah 10:4allusion

Uses the architectural metaphor of the 'nail' or peg to represent stable, God-given leadership.

Supported by Matthew Henry