1 Corinthians14
New International Version
1Follow the way of love and eagerly desire gifts of the Spirit, especially prophecy.
2For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to people but to God. Indeed, no one understands them; they utter mysteries by the Spirit.
3But the one who prophesies speaks to people for their strengthening, encouraging and comfort.
4Anyone who speaks in a tongue edifies themselves, but the one who prophesies edifies the church.
5I would like every one of you to speak in tongues, but I would rather have you prophesy. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks in tongues, unless someone interprets, so that the church may be edified.
6Now, brothers and sisters, if I come to you and speak in tongues, what good will I be to you, unless I bring you some revelation or knowledge or prophecy or word of instruction?
7Even in the case of lifeless things that make sounds, such as the pipe or harp, how will anyone know what tune is being played unless there is a distinction in the notes?
8Again, if the trumpet does not sound a clear call, who will get ready for battle?
9So it is with you. Unless you speak intelligible words with your tongue, how will anyone know what you are saying? You will just be speaking into the air.
10Undoubtedly there are all sorts of languages in the world, yet none of them is without meaning.
11If then I do not grasp the meaning of what someone is saying, I am a foreigner to the speaker, and the speaker is a foreigner to me.
12So it is with you. Since you are eager for gifts of the Spirit, try to excel in those that build up the church.
13For this reason the one who speaks in a tongue should pray that they may interpret what they say.
14For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful.
15So what shall I do? I will pray with my spirit, but I will also pray with my understanding; I will sing with my spirit, but I will also sing with my understanding.
16Otherwise when you are praising God in the Spirit, how can someone else, who is now put in the position of an inquirer, say “Amen” to your thanksgiving, since they do not know what you are saying?
17You are giving thanks well enough, but no one else is edified.
18I thank God that I speak in tongues more than all of you.
19But in the church I would rather speak five intelligible words to instruct others than ten thousand words in a tongue.
20Brothers and sisters, stop thinking like children. In regard to evil be infants, but in your thinking be adults.
21In the Law it is written: “With other tongues and through the lips of foreigners I will speak to this people, but even then they will not listen to me, says the Lord.”
22Tongues, then, are a sign, not for believers but for unbelievers; prophecy, however, is not for unbelievers but for believers.
23So if the whole church comes together and everyone speaks in tongues, and inquirers or unbelievers come in, will they not say that you are out of your mind?
24But if an unbeliever or an inquirer comes in while everyone is prophesying, they are convicted of sin and are brought under judgment by all,
25as the secrets of their hearts are laid bare. So they will fall down and worship God, exclaiming, “God is really among you!”
26What then shall we say, brothers and sisters? When you come together, each of you has a hymn, or a word of instruction, a revelation, a tongue or an interpretation. Everything must be done so that the church may be built up.
27If anyone speaks in a tongue, two—or at the most three—should speak, one at a time, and someone must interpret.
28If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and to God.
29Two or three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said.
30And if a revelation comes to someone who is sitting down, the first speaker should stop.
31For you can all prophesy in turn so that everyone may be instructed and encouraged.
32The spirits of prophets are subject to the control of prophets.
33For God is not a God of disorder but of peace—as in all the congregations of the Lord’s people.
34Women should remain silent in the churches. They are not allowed to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says.
35If they want to inquire about something, they should ask their own husbands at home; for it is disgraceful for a woman to speak in the church.
36Or did the word of God originate with you? Or are you the only people it has reached?
37If anyone thinks they are a prophet or otherwise gifted by the Spirit, let them acknowledge that what I am writing to you is the Lord’s command.
38But if anyone ignores this, they will themselves be ignored.
39Therefore, my brothers and sisters, be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues.
40But everything should be done in a fitting and orderly way.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Corinthians 14.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Prophecy preferred to the gift of tongues. (1–5). The unprofitableness of speaking in unknown languages. (6–14). Exhortations to worship that can be understood. (15–25). Disorders from vain display of gifts; (26–33). and from women speaking in the church. (34–40).
vv1-5
Prophesying, that is, explaining Scripture, is compared with speaking with tongues. This drew attention, more than the plain interpretation of Scripture; it gratified pride more, but promoted the purposes of Christian charity less; it would not equally do good to the souls of men. What cannot be understood, never can edify. No advantage can be reaped from the most excellent discourses, if delivered in language such as the hearers cannot speak or understand. Every ability or possession is valuable in proportion to its usefulness. Even fervent, spiritual affection must be governed by the exercise of the understanding, else men will disgrace the truths they profess to promote.
vv6-14
Even an apostle could not edify, unless he spoke so as to be understood by his hearers. To speak words that have no meaning to those who hear them, is but speaking into the air. That cannot answer the end of speaking, which has no meaning; in this case, speaker and hearers are barbarians to each other. All religious services should be so performed in Christian assemblies, that all may join in, and profit by them. Language plain and easy to be understood, is the most proper for public worship, and other religious exercises. Every true follower of Christ will rather desire to do good to others, than to get a name for learning or fine speaking.
vv15-25
There can be no assent to prayers that are not understood. A truly Christian minister will seek much more to do spiritual good to men's souls, than to get the greatest applause to himself. This is proving himself the servant of Christ. Children are apt to be struck with novelty; but do not act like them. Christians should be like children, void of guile and malice; yet they should not be unskilful as to the word of righteousness, but only as to the arts of mischief. It is a proof that a people are forsaken of God, when he gives them up to the rule of those who teach them to worship in another language. They can never be benefitted by such teaching. Yet thus the preachers did who delivered their instructions in an unknown tongue. Would it not make Christianity ridiculous to a heathen, to hear the ministers pray or preach in a language which neither he nor the assembly understood? But if those who minister, plainly interpret Scripture, or preach the great truths and rules of the gospel, a heathen or unlearned person might become a convert to Christianity. His conscience might be touched, the secrets of his heart might be revealed to him, and so he might be brought to confess his guilt, and to own that God was present in the assembly. Scripture truth, plainly and duly taught, has a wonderful power to awaken the conscience and touch the heart.
Key Words
διώκω (diṓkō): compare the base of G1169 (δειλός) and G1249 (διάκονος)); to pursue (literally or figuratively); by implication, to persecute
ἀγάπη (agápē): love, i.e. affection or benevolence; specially (plural) a love-feast
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ζηλόω (zēlóō): to have warmth of feeling for or against
πνευματικός (pneumatikós): non-carnal, i.e. (humanly) ethereal (as opposed to gross), or (dæmoniacally) a spirit (concretely), or (divinely) supernatural, regenerate, religious
ἵνα (hína): compare G3588 (ὁ)); in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
προφητεύω (prophēteúō): to foretell events, divine, speak under inspiration, exercise the prophetic office
γάρ (gár): properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)
λαλέω (laléō): to talk, i.e. utter words
γλῶσσα (glōssa): the tongue; by implication, a language (specially, one naturally unacquired)
Cross References
1 Corinthians 14Paul explicitly quotes this passage as 'the law' regarding God speaking through foreign tongues.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The Old Testament warning of foreign tongues as a sign of judgment upon an unbelieving people.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The primary creation law reference regarding women being under obedience or subjection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels Paul's command for women to learn in silence and subjection in the church assembly.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct link to the prior command to covet earnestly the best gifts, immediately preceding chapter 13.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The historical manifestation of miraculous tongues, defining them as real, intelligible foreign human languages.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Old Testament law requiring distinct trumpet sounds for battle, illuminating Paul's analogical argument.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal echo of heathens confessing 'God is in you of a truth' upon seeing prophetic light.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the core mandate that all speech in the assembly must minister grace and edification.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses' wish that all the Lord's people were prophets parallels Paul's wish here.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes Paul's immediate teaching on putting away childish thinking for spiritual maturity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels being simple/children concerning evil but wise and mature in understanding.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels singing with understanding, spiritual wisdom, and teaching one another in psalms.
Supported by JFB
Illuminates conviction when secrets of the heart are made manifest by prophetic insight.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Apostolic instructions to not despise prophesyings but to prove/judge all things.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reminds that the word of God went out from Jerusalem, rebuking Corinthian exceptionalism.
Supported by Matthew Poole