Isaiah5
New International Version
1I will sing for the one I love a song about his vineyard: My loved one had a vineyard on a fertile hillside.
2He dug it up and cleared it of stones and planted it with the choicest vines. He built a watchtower in it and cut out a winepress as well. Then he looked for a crop of good grapes, but it yielded only bad fruit.
3“Now you dwellers in Jerusalem and people of Judah, judge between me and my vineyard.
4What more could have been done for my vineyard than I have done for it? When I looked for good grapes, why did it yield only bad?
5Now I will tell you what I am going to do to my vineyard: I will take away its hedge, and it will be destroyed; I will break down its wall, and it will be trampled.
6I will make it a wasteland, neither pruned nor cultivated, and briers and thorns will grow there. I will command the clouds not to rain on it.”
7The vineyard of the Lord Almighty is the nation of Israel, and the people of Judah are the vines he delighted in. And he looked for justice, but saw bloodshed; for righteousness, but heard cries of distress.
8Woe to you who add house to house and join field to field till no space is left and you live alone in the land.
9The Lord Almighty has declared in my hearing: “Surely the great houses will become desolate, the fine mansions left without occupants.
10A ten-acre vineyard will produce only a bath of wine; a homer of seed will yield only an ephah of grain.”
11Woe to those who rise early in the morning to run after their drinks, who stay up late at night till they are inflamed with wine.
12They have harps and lyres at their banquets, pipes and timbrels and wine, but they have no regard for the deeds of the Lord, no respect for the work of his hands.
13Therefore my people will go into exile for lack of understanding; those of high rank will die of hunger and the common people will be parched with thirst.
14Therefore Death expands its jaws, opening wide its mouth; into it will descend their nobles and masses with all their brawlers and revelers.
15So people will be brought low and everyone humbled, the eyes of the arrogant humbled.
16But the Lord Almighty will be exalted by his justice, and the holy God will be proved holy by his righteous acts.
17Then sheep will graze as in their own pasture; lambs will feed among the ruins of the rich.
18Woe to those who draw sin along with cords of deceit, and wickedness as with cart ropes,
19to those who say, “Let God hurry; let him hasten his work so we may see it. The plan of the Holy One of Israel— let it approach, let it come into view, so we may know it.”
20Woe to those who call evil good and good evil, who put darkness for light and light for darkness, who put bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter.
21Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and clever in their own sight.
22Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine and champions at mixing drinks,
23who acquit the guilty for a bribe, but deny justice to the innocent.
24Therefore, as tongues of fire lick up straw and as dry grass sinks down in the flames, so their roots will decay and their flowers blow away like dust; for they have rejected the law of the Lord Almighty and spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.
25Therefore the Lord’s anger burns against his people; his hand is raised and he strikes them down. The mountains shake, and the dead bodies are like refuse in the streets. Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, his hand is still upraised.
26He lifts up a banner for the distant nations, he whistles for those at the ends of the earth. Here they come, swiftly and speedily!
27Not one of them grows tired or stumbles, not one slumbers or sleeps; not a belt is loosened at the waist, not a sandal strap is broken.
28Their arrows are sharp, all their bows are strung; their horses’ hooves seem like flint, their chariot wheels like a whirlwind.
29Their roar is like that of the lion, they roar like young lions; they growl as they seize their prey and carry it off with no one to rescue.
30In that day they will roar over it like the roaring of the sea. And if one looks at the land, there is only darkness and distress; even the sun will be darkened by clouds.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The state and conduct of the Jewish nation. (1-7). The judgments which would come. (8-23). The executioners of these judgments. (24-30).
vv1-7
Christ is God's beloved Son, and our beloved Saviour. The care of the Lord over the church of Israel, is described by the management of a vineyard. The advantages of our situation will be brought into the account another day. He planted it with the choicest vines; gave them a most excellent law, instituted proper ordinances. The temple was a tower, where God gave tokens of his presence. He set up his altar, to which the sacrifices should be brought; all the means of grace are denoted thereby. God expects fruit from those that enjoy privileges. Good purposes and good beginnings are good things, but not enough; there must be vineyard fruit; thoughts and affections, words and actions, agreeable to the Spirit. It brought forth bad fruit. Wild grapes are the fruits of the corrupt nature. Where grace does not work, corruption will. But the wickedness of those that profess religion, and enjoy the means of grace, must be upon the sinners themselves. They shall no longer be a peculiar people. When errors and vice go without check or control, the vineyard is unpruned; then it will soon be grown over with thorns. This is often shown in the departure of God's Spirit from those who have long striven against him, and the removal of his gospel from places which have long been a reproach to it. The explanation is given. It is sad with a soul, when, instead of the grapes of humility, meekness, love, patience, and contempt of the world, for which God looks, there are the wild grapes of pride, passion, discontent, and malice, and contempt of God; instead of the grapes of praying and praising, the wild grapes of cursing and swearing. Let us bring forth fruit with patience, that in the end we may obtain everlasting life.
vv8-23
Here is a woe to those who set their hearts on the wealth of the world. Not that it is sinful for those who have a house and a field to purchase another; but the fault is, that they never know when they have enough. Covetousness is idolatry; and while many envy the prosperous, wretched man, the Lord denounces awful woes upon him. How applicable to many among us! God has many ways to empty the most populous cities. Those who set their hearts upon the world, will justly be disappointed. Here is woe to those who dote upon the pleasures and the delights of sense. The use of music is lawful; but when it draws away the heart from God, then it becomes a sin to us. God's judgments have seized them, but they will not disturb themselves in their pleasures. The judgments are declared. Let a man be ever so high, death will bring him low; ever so mean, death will bring him lower. The fruit of these judgments shall be, that God will be glorified as a God of power. Also, as a God that is holy; he shall be owned and declared to be so, in the righteous punishment of proud men. Those are in a woful condition who set up sin, and who exert themselves to gratify their base lusts. They are daring in sin, and walk after their own lusts; it is in scorn that they call God the Holy One of Israel. They confound and overthrow distinctions between good and evil. They prefer their own reasonings to Divine revelations; their own devices to the counsels and commands of God. They deem it prudent and politic to continue profitable sins, and to neglect self-denying duties. Also, how light soever men make of drunkenness, it is a sin which lays open to the wrath and curse of God. Their judges perverted justice. Every sin needs some other to conceal it.
vv24-30
Let not any expect to live easily who live wickedly. Sin weakens the strength, the root of a people; it defaces the beauty, the blossoms of a people. When God's word is despised, and his law cast away, what can men expect but that God should utterly abandon them? When God comes forth in wrath, the hills tremble, fear seizes even great men. When God designs the ruin of a provoking people, he can find instruments to be employed in it, as he sent for the Chaldeans, and afterwards the Romans, to destroy the Jews. Those who would not hear the voice of God speaking by his prophets, shall hear the voice of their enemies roaring against them. Let the distressed look which way they will, all appears dismal. If God frowns upon us, how can any creature smile? Let us diligently seek the well-grounded assurance, that when all earthly helps and comforts shall fail, God himself will be the strength of our hearts, and our portion for ever.
Key Words
נָא: 'I pray', 'now', or 'then'; added mostly to verbs (in the Imperative or Future), or to interjections, occasionally to an adverb or conjunction
שִׁיר: to sing
יְדִיד: loved
דּוֹד: (figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
שִׁיר: a song; abstractly, singing
כֶּרֶם: a garden or vineyard
קֶרֶן: a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask, cornet; by resemblance. an elephant's tooth (i.e. ivory), a corner (of the altar), a peak (of a mountain), a ray (of light); figuratively, power
עָזַק: to grub over
סָקַל: properly, to be weighty; but used only in the sense of lapidation or its contrary (as if a delapidation)
נָטַע: properly, to strike in, i.e. fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
Isaiah 5Jesus directly adapts this parable of the vineyard (tower, winepress) to judge the Jewish leaders.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Classic Old Testament imagery of Israel as a vine brought out of Egypt and planted by God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic song warns of Israel producing bitter, wild, and poisonous grapes.
Supported by JFB
Parallel contemporary prophetic woe against covetous land-grabbing and oppressive consolidation of property.
Supported by JFB
Like Moses, Isaiah records a song as a permanent legal witness against rebellious Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of the prophet hearing God's voice directly 'in mine ears'.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the earlier refrain that the lofty shall be humbled and the Lord alone exalted.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of Mosaic curses warning of a swift, distant nation of fierce countenance invading Israel.
Supported by JFB
Repeats the grim imagery of lookers to the land beholding only darkness, trouble, and dimness.
Supported by JFB
Paul illustrates God's justice in making sinners the self-condemning judges of their own cause.
Supported by JFB
Reproves Israel for foolishly and ungratefully requiting the Lord's extensive fatherly care.
Supported by JFB
Jesus expresses the same divine grief over Jerusalem's rejection of persistent divine cultivation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Condemns those who indulge in feasts but ignore the operations and works of God's hands.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel judgment: God's people go into captivity and perish for lack of knowledge.
Supported by Matthew Henry