Matthew 23NIV
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Matthew23

New International Version

1Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples:

2“The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses’ seat.

3So you must be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach.

4They tie up heavy, cumbersome loads and put them on other people’s shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.

5“Everything they do is done for people to see: They make their phylacteries wide and the tassels on their garments long;

6they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues;

7they love to be greeted with respect in the marketplaces and to be called ‘Rabbi’ by others.

8“But you are not to be called ‘Rabbi,’ for you have one Teacher, and you are all brothers.

9And do not call anyone on earth ‘father,’ for you have one Father, and he is in heaven.

10Nor are you to be called instructors, for you have one Instructor, the Messiah.

11The greatest among you will be your servant.

12For those who exalt themselves will be humbled, and those who humble themselves will be exalted.

13“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the door of the kingdom of heaven in people’s faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to.

14

15“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert, and when you have succeeded, you make them twice as much a child of hell as you are.

16“Woe to you, blind guides! You say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gold of the temple is bound by that oath.’

17You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes the gold sacred?

18You also say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but anyone who swears by the gift on the altar is bound by that oath.’

19You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes the gift sacred?

20Therefore, anyone who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it.

21And anyone who swears by the temple swears by it and by the one who dwells in it.

22And anyone who swears by heaven swears by God’s throne and by the one who sits on it.

23“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices—mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.

24You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.

25“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.

26Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.

27“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of the bones of the dead and everything unclean.

28In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.

29“Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the graves of the righteous.

30And you say, ‘If we had lived in the days of our ancestors, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’

31So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.

32Go ahead, then, and complete what your ancestors started!

33“You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?

34Therefore I am sending you prophets and sages and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify; others you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town.

35And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.

36Truly I tell you, all this will come on this generation.

37“Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.

38Look, your house is left to you desolate.

39For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Matthew 23.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jesus reproves the scribes and Pharisees. (1–12). Crimes of the Pharisees. (13–33). The guilt of Jerusalem. (34–39).

vv1-12

The scribes and Pharisees explained the law of Moses, and enforced obedience to it. They are charged with hypocrisy in religion. We can only judge according to outward appearance; but God searches the heart. They made phylacteries. These were scrolls of paper or parchment, wherein were written four paragraphs of the law, to be worn on their foreheads and left arms, Ex 13:2–10; 13:11–16; De 6:4–9; 11:13–21. They made these phylacteries broad, that they might be thought more zealous for the law than others. God appointed the Jews to make fringes upon their garments, Nu 15:38, to remind them of their being a peculiar people; but the Pharisees made them larger than common, as if they were thereby more religious than others. Pride was the darling, reigning sin of the Pharisees, the sin that most easily beset them, and which our Lord Jesus takes all occasions to speak against. For him that is taught in the word to give respect to him that teaches, is commendable; but for him that teaches, to demand it, to be puffed up with it, is sinful. How much is all this against the spirit of Christianity! The consistent disciple of Christ is pained by being put into chief places. But who that looks around on the visible church, would think this was the spirit required? It is plain that some measure of this antichristian spirit prevails in every religious society, and in every one of our hearts.

vv13-33

The scribes and Pharisees were enemies to the gospel of Christ, and therefore to the salvation of the souls of men. It is bad to keep away from Christ ourselves, but worse also to keep others from him. Yet it is no new thing for the show and form of godliness to be made a cloak to the greatest enormities. But dissembled piety will be reckoned double iniquity. They were very busy to turn souls to be of their party. Not for the glory of God and the good of souls, but that they might have the credit and advantage of making converts. Gain being their godliness, by a thousand devices they made religion give way to their worldly interests. They were very strict and precise in smaller matters of the law, but careless and loose in weightier matters. It is not the scrupling a little sin that Christ here reproves; if it be a sin, though but a gnat, it must be strained out; but the doing that, and then swallowing a camel, or, committing a greater sin. While they would seem to be godly, they were neither sober nor righteous. We are really, what we are inwardly. Outward motives may keep the outside clean, while the inside is filthy; but if the heart and spirit be made new, there will be newness of life; here we must begin with ourselves. The righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees was like the ornaments of a grave, or dressing up a dead body, only for show. The deceitfulness of sinners' hearts appears in that they go down the streams of the sins of their own day, while they fancy that they should have opposed the sins of former days. We sometimes think, if we had lived when Christ was upon earth, that we should not have despised and rejected him, as men then did; yet Christ in his Spirit, in his word, in his ministers, is still no better treated. And it is just with God to give those up to their hearts' lusts, who obstinately persist in gratifying them. Christ gives men their true characters.

vv34-39

Our Lord declares the miseries the inhabitants of Jerusalem were about to bring upon themselves, but he does not notice the sufferings he was to undergo. A hen gathering her chickens under her wings, is an apt emblem of the Saviour's tender love to those who trust in him, and his faithful care of them. He calls sinners to take refuge under his tender protection, keeps them safe, and nourishes them to eternal life. The present dispersion and unbelief of the Jews, and their future conversion to Christ, were here foretold. Jerusalem and her children had a large share of guilt, and their punishment has been signal. But ere long, deserved vengeance will fall on every church which is Christian in name only. In the mean time the Saviour stands ready to receive all who come to him. There is nothing between sinners and eternal happiness, but their proud and unbelieving unwillingness.

Cross References

Matthew 23
v37Luke 13:34thematic

Parallel lamentation over Jerusalem and the metaphor of gathering her children under her wings.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v4Luke 11:46thematic

Identical accusation against lawyers for binding heavy, unyielding burdens on men.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The martyrdom of Zachariah in the temple court, representing the climax of Old Testament martyr blood.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v39Matthew 21:9quotation

The messianic greeting from Psalm 118:26, echoing the crowd's acclamation of Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v12Luke 18:14thematic

Jesus' key proverbial maxim: whosoever exalts himself shall be abased, and vice versa.

Supported by JFB

v13Luke 11:52thematic

Parallel accusation of shutting the kingdom of heaven by taking away the key of knowledge.

Supported by JFB

v19Exodus 29:37thematic

The Law's declaration that the altar is most holy, sanctifying whatever touches it.

Supported by John Calvin

v21Psalms 132:14thematic

Scripture asserting that God dwells in the sanctuary, giving validity to the temple oath.

Supported by John Calvin

v22Matthew 5:34thematic

Jesus' foundational teaching on oaths, prohibiting swearing by heaven as God's throne.

Supported by John Calvin

v23Micah 6:8thematic

Summarizes the weightier matters of the Law as doing justly, loving mercy, and walking humbly.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Acts 23:3allusion

Paul calling the high priest a 'whited wall', demonstrating Christ's sepulchre metaphor in action.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Genesis 15:16thematic

The biblical pattern of an apostate generation filling up the measure of their fathers' sins.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v5Exodus 13:9thematic

The literalist misapplication of bound laws on hands/foreheads leading to the physical phylacteries.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Mark 12:38thematic

Parallel warning to beware of scribes who love long clothing and chief synagogue seats.

Supported by JFB

v33Matthew 3:7thematic

John the Baptist's identical denunciation of the Pharisees as a generation of vipers.

Supported by Matthew Henry