Mark12
New International Version
1Jesus then began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a pit for the winepress and built a watchtower. Then he rented the vineyard to some farmers and moved to another place.
2At harvest time he sent a servant to the tenants to collect from them some of the fruit of the vineyard.
3But they seized him, beat him and sent him away empty-handed.
4Then he sent another servant to them; they struck this man on the head and treated him shamefully.
5He sent still another, and that one they killed. He sent many others; some of them they beat, others they killed.
6“He had one left to send, a son, whom he loved. He sent him last of all, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7“But the tenants said to one another, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’
8So they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.
9“What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.
10Haven’t you read this passage of Scripture: “‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone;
11the Lord has done this, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12Then the chief priests, the teachers of the law and the elders looked for a way to arrest him because they knew he had spoken the parable against them. But they were afraid of the crowd; so they left him and went away.
13Later they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Jesus to catch him in his words.
14They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are; but you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar or not?
15Should we pay or shouldn’t we?” But Jesus knew their hypocrisy. “Why are you trying to trap me?” he asked. “Bring me a denarius and let me look at it.”
16They brought the coin, and he asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?” “Caesar’s,” they replied.
17Then Jesus said to them, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s and to God what is God’s.” And they were amazed at him.
18Then the Sadducees, who say there is no resurrection, came to him with a question.
19“Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves a wife but no children, the man must marry the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.
20Now there were seven brothers. The first one married and died without leaving any children.
21The second one married the widow, but he also died, leaving no child. It was the same with the third.
22In fact, none of the seven left any children. Last of all, the woman died too.
23At the resurrection whose wife will she be, since the seven were married to her?”
24Jesus replied, “Are you not in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God?
25When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.
26Now about the dead rising—have you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are badly mistaken!”
28One of the teachers of the law came and heard them debating. Noticing that Jesus had given them a good answer, he asked him, “Of all the commandments, which is the most important?”
29“The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.
30Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’
31The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no commandment greater than these.”
32“Well said, teacher,” the man replied. “You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him.
33To love him with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34When Jesus saw that he had answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And from then on no one dared ask him any more questions.
35While Jesus was teaching in the temple courts, he asked, “Why do the teachers of the law say that the Messiah is the son of David?
36David himself, speaking by the Holy Spirit, declared: “‘The Lord said to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand until I put your enemies under your feet.”’
37David himself calls him ‘Lord.’ How then can he be his son?” The large crowd listened to him with delight.
38As he taught, Jesus said, “Watch out for the teachers of the law. They like to walk around in flowing robes and be greeted with respect in the marketplaces,
39and have the most important seats in the synagogues and the places of honor at banquets.
40They devour widows’ houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. These men will be punished most severely.”
41Jesus sat down opposite the place where the offerings were put and watched the crowd putting their money into the temple treasury. Many rich people threw in large amounts.
42But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents.
43Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others.
44They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Mark 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen. (1–12). Question about tribute. (13–17). Concerning the resurrection. (18–27). The great command of the law. (28–34). Christ the Son and yet the Lord of David. (35–40). The poor widow commended. (41–44).
vv1-12
Christ showed in parables, that he would lay aside the Jewish church. It is sad to think what base usage God's faithful ministers have met with in all ages, from those who have enjoyed the privileges of the church, but have not brought forth fruit answerable. God at length sent his Son, his Well-beloved; and it might be expected that he whom their Master loved, they also should respect and love; but instead of honouring him because he was the Son and Heir, they therefore hated him. But the exaltation of Christ was the Lord's doing; and it is his doing to exalt him in our hearts, and to set up his throne there; and if this be done, it cannot but be marvellous in our eyes. The Scriptures, and faithful preachers, and the coming of Christ in the flesh, call on us to render due praise to God in our lives. Let sinners beware of a proud, carnal spirit; if they revile or despise the preachers of Christ, they would have done so their Master, had they lived when he was upon earth.
vv13-17
The enemies of Christ would be thought desirous to know their duty, when really they hoped that which soever side he took of the question, they might find occasion to accuse him. Nothing is more likely to insnare the followers of Christ, than bringing them to meddle with disputes about worldly politics. Jesus avoided the snare, by referring to the submission they had already made as a nation; and all that heard him, marvelled at the great wisdom of his answer. Many will praise the words of a sermon, who will not be commanded by the doctrines of it.
vv18-27
A right knowledge of the Scripture, as the fountain whence all revealed religion now flows, and the foundation on which it is built, is the best preservative against error. Christ put aside the objection of the Sadducees, who were the scoffing infidels of that day, by setting the doctrine of the future state in a true light. The relation between husband and wife, though appointed in the earthly paradise, will not be known in the heavenly one. It is no wonder if we confuse ourselves with foolish errors, when we form our ideas of the world of spirits by the affairs of this world of sense. It is absurd to think that the living God should be the portion and happiness of a man if he is for ever dead; and therefore it is certain that Abraham's soul exists and acts, though now for a time separate from the body. Those that deny the resurrection greatly err, and ought to be told so. Let us seek to pass through this dying world, with a joyful hope of eternal happiness, and of a glorious resurrection.
Key Words
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
παραβολή (parabolḗ): a similitude ("parable"), i.e. (symbolic) fictitious narrative (of common life conveying a moral), apothegm or adage
ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos): from G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι)); man-faced, i.e. a human being
φυτεύω (phyteúō): to set out in the earth, i.e. implant; figuratively, to instil doctrine
ἀμπελών (ampelṓn): a vineyard
περιτίθημι (peritíthēmi): to place around; by implication, to present
Cross References
Mark 12The prophetic stone quotation used by Jesus to show the rejected builders' destiny.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted from the bush account by Jesus to prove the resurrection of the dead.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The Shema, quoted directly by Jesus as the first and greatest commandment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quoted as the primary duty of loving God with all one's heart.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted as the second great commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted by Jesus to demonstrate that the Messiah is both David's Lord and his Son.
Supported by Matthew Poole, Matthew Henry, JFB
The Old Testament foundation for the vineyard imagery, including the hedge, winepress, and tower.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law of levirate marriage cited by the Sadducees to trap Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God bringing a vine out of Egypt, illustrating Israel as God's specially planted vineyard.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical summary of God sending messengers and Israel repeatedly mocking, despising, and abusing them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account detailing how spies feigned righteousness to entrap Jesus over tribute to Caesar.
Supported by JFB
Luke's parallel clarifying that the children of the resurrection are equal to the angels.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the scribe's realization that love is far superior to burnt offerings and sacrifices.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Luke's parallel account of the poor widow offering her two mites at the treasury.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Apostolic instruction mirroring Jesus' command to render dues, customs, and taxes to authorities.