Mark12
New American Standard
1And He began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard and put a fence around it, and dug a vat under the wine press and built a tower, and leased it to vine-growers and went on a journey.
2And at the harvest time he sent a slave to the vine-growers, in order to receive his share of the produce of the vineyard from the vine-growers.
3And they took him, and beat him, and sent him away empty-handed.
4And again he sent them another slave, and they wounded him in the head, and treated him shamefully.
5And he sent another, and that one they killed; and so with many others, beating some and killing others.
6He had one more man to send, a beloved son; he sent him to them last of all, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’
7But those vine-growers said to one another, ‘This is the heir; come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours!’
8And they took him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.
9What will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and put the vine-growers to death, and give the vineyard to others.
10Have you not even read this Scripture: ‘A stone which the builders rejected, This has become the chief cornerstone;
11This came about from the Lord, And it is marvelous in our eyes’?”
12And they were seeking to seize Him, and yet they feared the people, for they understood that He told the parable against them. And so they left Him and went away.
13Then they sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Him in order to trap Him in a statement.
14They came and said to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are truthful and do not care what anyone thinks; for You are not partial to anyone, but You teach the way of God in truth. Is it permissible to pay a poll-tax to Caesar, or not?
15Are we to pay, or not pay?” But He, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why are you testing Me? Bring Me a denarius to look at.”
16And they brought one. And He said to them, “Whose image and inscription is this?” And they said to Him, “Caesar’s.”
17And Jesus said to them, “Pay to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” And they were utterly amazed at Him.
18Some Sadducees (who say that there is no resurrection) came to Jesus, and began questioning Him, saying,
19“Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves behind a wife and does not leave a child, his brother is to marry the wife and raise up children for his brother.
20There were seven brothers; and the first took a wife, and died leaving no children.
21The second one married her, and died leaving behind no children; and the third likewise;
22and so the seven together left no children. Last of all the woman also died.
23In the resurrection, which one’s wife will she be? For each of the seven had her as his wife.”
24Jesus said to them, “Is this not the reason you are mistaken, that you do not understand the Scriptures nor the power of God?
25For when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.
26But regarding the fact that the dead rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the passage about the burning bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?
27He is not the God of the dead, but of the living; you are greatly mistaken.”
28One of the scribes came up and heard them arguing, and recognizing that He had answered them well, asked Him, “What commandment is the foremost of all?”
29Jesus answered, “The foremost is, ‘Hear, Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one;
30and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’
31The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32And the scribe said to Him, “Well said, Teacher; You have truly stated that He is One, and there is no other besides Him;
33and to love Him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the strength, and to love one’s neighbor as oneself, is much more than all the burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34When Jesus saw that he had answered intelligently, He said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And then, no one dared any longer to question Him.
35And Jesus responded and began saying, as He taught in the temple area, “How is it that the scribes say that the Christ is the son of David?
36David himself said in the Holy Spirit, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at My right hand, Until I put Your enemies under Your feet.”’
37David himself calls Him ‘Lord’; so in what sense is He his son?” And the large crowd enjoyed listening to Him.
38And in His teaching He was saying: “Beware of the scribes who like to walk around in long robes, and like personal greetings in the marketplaces,
39and seats of honor in the synagogues, and places of honor at banquets,
40who devour widows’ houses, and for appearance’s sake offer long prayers. These will receive all the more condemnation.”
41And Jesus sat down opposite the treasury, and began watching how the people were putting money into the treasury; and many rich people were putting in large amounts.
42And a poor widow came and put in two lepta coins, which amount to a quadrans.
43Calling His disciples to Him, He said to them, “Truly I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the contributors to the treasury;
44for they all put in out of their surplus, but she, out of her poverty, put in all she owned, all she had to live on.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Mark 12.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen. (1–12). Question about tribute. (13–17). Concerning the resurrection. (18–27). The great command of the law. (28–34). Christ the Son and yet the Lord of David. (35–40). The poor widow commended. (41–44).
vv1-12
Christ showed in parables, that he would lay aside the Jewish church. It is sad to think what base usage God's faithful ministers have met with in all ages, from those who have enjoyed the privileges of the church, but have not brought forth fruit answerable. God at length sent his Son, his Well-beloved; and it might be expected that he whom their Master loved, they also should respect and love; but instead of honouring him because he was the Son and Heir, they therefore hated him. But the exaltation of Christ was the Lord's doing; and it is his doing to exalt him in our hearts, and to set up his throne there; and if this be done, it cannot but be marvellous in our eyes. The Scriptures, and faithful preachers, and the coming of Christ in the flesh, call on us to render due praise to God in our lives. Let sinners beware of a proud, carnal spirit; if they revile or despise the preachers of Christ, they would have done so their Master, had they lived when he was upon earth.
vv13-17
The enemies of Christ would be thought desirous to know their duty, when really they hoped that which soever side he took of the question, they might find occasion to accuse him. Nothing is more likely to insnare the followers of Christ, than bringing them to meddle with disputes about worldly politics. Jesus avoided the snare, by referring to the submission they had already made as a nation; and all that heard him, marvelled at the great wisdom of his answer. Many will praise the words of a sermon, who will not be commanded by the doctrines of it.
vv18-27
A right knowledge of the Scripture, as the fountain whence all revealed religion now flows, and the foundation on which it is built, is the best preservative against error. Christ put aside the objection of the Sadducees, who were the scoffing infidels of that day, by setting the doctrine of the future state in a true light. The relation between husband and wife, though appointed in the earthly paradise, will not be known in the heavenly one. It is no wonder if we confuse ourselves with foolish errors, when we form our ideas of the world of spirits by the affairs of this world of sense. It is absurd to think that the living God should be the portion and happiness of a man if he is for ever dead; and therefore it is certain that Abraham's soul exists and acts, though now for a time separate from the body. Those that deny the resurrection greatly err, and ought to be told so. Let us seek to pass through this dying world, with a joyful hope of eternal happiness, and of a glorious resurrection.
Key Words
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
παραβολή (parabolḗ): a similitude ("parable"), i.e. (symbolic) fictitious narrative (of common life conveying a moral), apothegm or adage
ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos): from G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι)); man-faced, i.e. a human being
φυτεύω (phyteúō): to set out in the earth, i.e. implant; figuratively, to instil doctrine
ἀμπελών (ampelṓn): a vineyard
περιτίθημι (peritíthēmi): to place around; by implication, to present
Cross References
Mark 12The prophetic stone quotation used by Jesus to show the rejected builders' destiny.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted from the bush account by Jesus to prove the resurrection of the dead.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The Shema, quoted directly by Jesus as the first and greatest commandment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly quoted as the primary duty of loving God with all one's heart.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted as the second great commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Directly quoted by Jesus to demonstrate that the Messiah is both David's Lord and his Son.
Supported by Matthew Poole, Matthew Henry, JFB
The Old Testament foundation for the vineyard imagery, including the hedge, winepress, and tower.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law of levirate marriage cited by the Sadducees to trap Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God bringing a vine out of Egypt, illustrating Israel as God's specially planted vineyard.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical summary of God sending messengers and Israel repeatedly mocking, despising, and abusing them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account detailing how spies feigned righteousness to entrap Jesus over tribute to Caesar.
Supported by JFB
Luke's parallel clarifying that the children of the resurrection are equal to the angels.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the scribe's realization that love is far superior to burnt offerings and sacrifices.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Luke's parallel account of the poor widow offering her two mites at the treasury.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Apostolic instruction mirroring Jesus' command to render dues, customs, and taxes to authorities.