Mark 12ESV
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Mark12

English Standard Version

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Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Mark 12.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The parable of the vineyard and husbandmen. (1–12). Question about tribute. (13–17). Concerning the resurrection. (18–27). The great command of the law. (28–34). Christ the Son and yet the Lord of David. (35–40). The poor widow commended. (41–44).

vv1-12

Christ showed in parables, that he would lay aside the Jewish church. It is sad to think what base usage God's faithful ministers have met with in all ages, from those who have enjoyed the privileges of the church, but have not brought forth fruit answerable. God at length sent his Son, his Well-beloved; and it might be expected that he whom their Master loved, they also should respect and love; but instead of honouring him because he was the Son and Heir, they therefore hated him. But the exaltation of Christ was the Lord's doing; and it is his doing to exalt him in our hearts, and to set up his throne there; and if this be done, it cannot but be marvellous in our eyes. The Scriptures, and faithful preachers, and the coming of Christ in the flesh, call on us to render due praise to God in our lives. Let sinners beware of a proud, carnal spirit; if they revile or despise the preachers of Christ, they would have done so their Master, had they lived when he was upon earth.

vv13-17

The enemies of Christ would be thought desirous to know their duty, when really they hoped that which soever side he took of the question, they might find occasion to accuse him. Nothing is more likely to insnare the followers of Christ, than bringing them to meddle with disputes about worldly politics. Jesus avoided the snare, by referring to the submission they had already made as a nation; and all that heard him, marvelled at the great wisdom of his answer. Many will praise the words of a sermon, who will not be commanded by the doctrines of it.

vv18-27

A right knowledge of the Scripture, as the fountain whence all revealed religion now flows, and the foundation on which it is built, is the best preservative against error. Christ put aside the objection of the Sadducees, who were the scoffing infidels of that day, by setting the doctrine of the future state in a true light. The relation between husband and wife, though appointed in the earthly paradise, will not be known in the heavenly one. It is no wonder if we confuse ourselves with foolish errors, when we form our ideas of the world of spirits by the affairs of this world of sense. It is absurd to think that the living God should be the portion and happiness of a man if he is for ever dead; and therefore it is certain that Abraham's soul exists and acts, though now for a time separate from the body. Those that deny the resurrection greatly err, and ought to be told so. Let us seek to pass through this dying world, with a joyful hope of eternal happiness, and of a glorious resurrection.

Cross References

Mark 12
v10Psalms 118:22quotation

The prophetic stone quotation used by Jesus to show the rejected builders' destiny.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v26Exodus 3:6quotation

Directly quoted from the bush account by Jesus to prove the resurrection of the dead.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v29Deuteronomy 6:4quotation

The Shema, quoted directly by Jesus as the first and greatest commandment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Deuteronomy 6:5quotation

Directly quoted as the primary duty of loving God with all one's heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v31Leviticus 19:18quotation

Directly quoted as the second great commandment to love one's neighbor as oneself.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v36Psalms 110:1quotation

Directly quoted by Jesus to demonstrate that the Messiah is both David's Lord and his Son.

Supported by Matthew Poole, Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Isaiah 5:1-4allusion

The Old Testament foundation for the vineyard imagery, including the hedge, winepress, and tower.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The Mosaic law of levirate marriage cited by the Sadducees to trap Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Psalms 80:8-16thematic

God bringing a vine out of Egypt, illustrating Israel as God's specially planted vineyard.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Historical summary of God sending messengers and Israel repeatedly mocking, despising, and abusing them.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Luke 20:20-26thematic

Parallel account detailing how spies feigned righteousness to entrap Jesus over tribute to Caesar.

Supported by JFB

v25Luke 20:35-36thematic

Luke's parallel clarifying that the children of the resurrection are equal to the angels.

Supported by JFB

v331 Samuel 15:22thematic

Parallels the scribe's realization that love is far superior to burnt offerings and sacrifices.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v42Luke 21:2-4thematic

Luke's parallel account of the poor widow offering her two mites at the treasury.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Romans 13:7thematic

Apostolic instruction mirroring Jesus' command to render dues, customs, and taxes to authorities.