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Job31

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1I made a covenant with mine eyes; How then should I look upon a virgin?

2For what is the portion from God above, And the heritage from the Almighty on high?

3Is it not calamity to the unrighteous, And disaster to the workers of iniquity?

4Doth not he see my ways, And number all my steps?

5If I have walked with falsehood, And my foot hath hasted to deceit

6(Let me be weighed in an even balance, That God may know mine integrity);

7If my step hath turned out of the way, And my heart walked after mine eyes, And if any spot hath cleaved to my hands:

8Then let me sow, and let another eat; Yea, let the produce of my field be rooted out.

9If my heart hath been enticed unto a woman, And I have laid wait at my neighbor’s door;

10Then let my wife grind unto another, And let others bow down upon her.

11For that were a heinous crime; Yea, it were an iniquity to be punished by the judges:

12For it is a fire that consumeth unto Destruction, And would root out all mine increase.

13If I have despised the cause of my man-servant or of my maid-servant, When they contended with me;

14What then shall I do when God riseth up? And when he visiteth, what shall I answer him?

15Did not he that made me in the womb make him? And did not one fashion us in the womb?

16If I have withheld the poor from their desire, Or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,

17Or have eaten my morsel alone, And the fatherless hath not eaten thereof

18(Nay, from my youth he grew up with me as with a father, And her have I guided from my mother’s womb);

19If I have seen any perish for want of clothing, Or that the needy had no covering;

20If his loins have not blessed me, And if he hath not been warmed with the fleece of my sheep;

21If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless, Because I saw my help in the gate:

22Then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder-blade, And mine arm be broken from the bone.

23For calamity from God is a terror to me, And by reason of his majesty I can do nothing.

24If I have made gold my hope, And have said to the fine gold, Thou art my confidence;

25If I have rejoiced because my wealth was great, And because my hand had gotten much;

26If I have beheld the sun when it shined, Or the moon walking in brightness,

27And my heart hath been secretly enticed, And my mouth hath kissed my hand:

28This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judges; For I should have denied the God that is above.

29If I have rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, Or lifted up myself when evil found him

30(Yea, I have not suffered my mouth to sin By asking his life with a curse);

31If the men of my tent have not said, Who can find one that hath not been filled with his meat?

32(The sojourner hath not lodged in the street; But I have opened my doors to the traveller);

33If like Adam I have covered my transgressions, By hiding mine iniquity in my bosom,

34Because I feared the great multitude, And the contempt of families terrified me, So that I kept silence, and went not out of the door—

35Oh that I had one to hear me! (Lo, here is my signature, let the Almighty answer me) And that I had the indictment which mine adversary hath written!

36Surely I would carry it upon my shoulder; I would bind it unto me as a crown:

37I would declare unto him the number of my steps; As a prince would I go near unto him.

38If my land crieth out against me, And the furrows thereof weep together;

39If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money, Or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life:

40Let thistles grow instead of wheat, And cockle instead of barley. The words of Job are ended.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 31.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Job declares his uprightness. (1–8). His integrity. (9–15). Job merciful. (16–23). Job not guilty of covetousness or idolatry. (24–32). Job not guilty of hypocrisy and violence. (33–40).

vv1-8

Job did not speak the things here recorded by way of boasting, but in answer to the charge of hypocrisy. He understood the spiritual nature of God's commandments, as reaching to the thoughts and intents of the heart. It is best to let our actions speak for us; but in some cases we owe it to ourselves and to the cause of God, solemnly to protest our innocence of the crimes of which we are falsely accused. The lusts of the flesh, and the love of the world, are two fatal rocks on which multitudes split; against these Job protests he was always careful to stand upon his guard. And God takes more exact notice of us than we do of ourselves; let us therefore walk circumspectly. He carefully avoided all sinful means of getting wealth. He dreaded all forbidden profit as much as all forbidden pleasure. What we have in the world may be used with comfort, or lost with comfort, if honestly gotten. Without strict honestly and faithfulness in all our dealings, we can have no good evidence of true godliness. Yet how many professors are unable to abide this touchstone!

vv9-15

All the defilements of the life come from a deceived heart. Lust is a fire in the soul: those that indulge it, are said to burn. It consumes all that is good there, and lays the conscience waste. It kindles the fire of God's wrath, which, if not quenched by the blood of Christ, will consume even to eternal destruction. It consumes the body; it consumes the substance. Burning lusts bring burning judgments. Job had a numerous household, and he managed it well. He considered that he had a Master in heaven; and as we are undone if God should be severe with us, we ought to be mild and gentle towards all with whom we have to do.

vv16-23

Job's conscience gave testimony concerning his just and charitable behaviour toward the poor. He is most large upon this head, because in this matter he was particularly accused. He was tender of all, and hurtful to none. Notice the principles by which Job was restrained from being uncharitable and unmerciful. He stood in awe of the Lord, as certainly against him, if he should wrong the poor. Regard to worldly interests may restrain a man from actual crimes; but the grace of God alone can make him hate, dread, and shun sinful thoughts and desires.

Cross References

Job 31
v1Matthew 5:28thematic

Christ's teaching on checking the heart's lustful look matches Job's covenant with his eyes.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Malachi 2:10thematic

Appeals to one common Creator in the womb as the basis for treating servants justly.

Supported by JFB

v24Colossians 3:5thematic

Equates covetousness and trust in wealth directly with idolatry, linking Job 31:24 to v26-28.

Supported by JFB

v33Proverbs 28:13thematic

Contrasts Job's integrity with those who cover their transgressions rather than confessing.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Job 20:29thematic

Parallels the terminology of 'portion' and 'inheritance' appointed by God to the wicked.

Supported by JFB

v8Leviticus 26:16thematic

The precise curse of sowing seed in vain while enemies eat the harvest.

Supported by JFB

v10Isaiah 47:2thematic

Grinding at the mill as a poetic depiction of the most abject, humiliated service.

Supported by JFB

v11Genesis 38:24thematic

Demonstrates that adultery was recognized as a heinous crime worthy of judgment in patriarchal times.

Supported by JFB

v12Proverbs 6:27thematic

Adultery described as taking fire to the bosom, matching Job's description of a consuming fire.

Supported by JFB

v321 Peter 4:9thematic

New Testament call to hospitality without grudging, echoing Job opening his doors to travelers.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v18Job 29:16thematic

Job reiterates his self-description as a father to the poor and needy.

Supported by JFB

v23Genesis 39:9thematic

Joseph's refusal of adultery due to his fear of sinning against God.

Supported by JFB

v26Deuteronomy 4:19thematic

The explicit Pentateuchal warning against looking to the sun and moon to worship them.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Genesis 3:12allusion

Alludes to Adam attempting to hide his transgression from God in the garden.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v38James 5:4thematic

The agricultural cries of withheld wages and abused land reaching the ears of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole