Job30
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, Whose fathers I disdained to set with the dogs of my flock.
2Yea, the strength of their hands, whereto should it profit me? Men in whom ripe age is perished.
3They are gaunt with want and famine; They gnaw the dry ground, in the gloom of wasteness and desolation.
4They pluck salt-wort by the bushes; And the roots of the broom are their food.
5They are driven forth from the midst of men; They cry after them as after a thief;
6So that they dwell in frightful valleys, In holes of the earth and of the rocks.
7Among the bushes they bray; Under the nettles they are gathered together.
8They are children of fools, yea, children of base men; They were scourged out of the land.
9And now I am become their song, Yea, I am a byword unto them.
10They abhor me, they stand aloof from me, And spare not to spit in my face.
11For he hath loosed his cord, and afflicted me; And they have cast off the bridle before me.
12Upon my right hand rise the rabble; They thrust aside my feet, And they cast up against me their ways of destruction.
13They mar my path, They set forward my calamity, Even men that have no helper.
14As through a wide breach they come: In the midst of the ruin they roll themselves upon me.
15Terrors are turned upon me; They chase mine honor as the wind; And my welfare is passed away as a cloud.
16And now my soul is poured out within me; Days of affliction have taken hold upon me.
17In the night season my bones are pierced in me, And the pains that gnaw me take no rest.
18By God’s great force is my garment disfigured; It bindeth me about as the collar of my coat.
19He hath cast me into the mire, And I am become like dust and ashes.
20I cry unto thee, and thou dost not answer me: I stand up, and thou gazest at me.
21Thou art turned to be cruel to me; With the might of thy hand thou persecutest me.
22Thou liftest me up to the wind, thou causest me to ride upon it; And thou dissolvest me in the storm.
23For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, And to the house appointed for all living.
24Howbeit doth not one stretch out the hand in his fall? Or in his calamity therefore cry for help?
25Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? Was not my soul grieved for the needy?
26When I looked for good, then evil came; And when I waited for light, there came darkness.
27My heart is troubled, and resteth not; Days of affliction are come upon me.
28I go mourning without the sun: I stand up in the assembly, and cry for help.
29I am a brother to jackals, And a companion to ostriches.
30My skin is black, and falleth from me, And my bones are burned with heat.
31Therefore is my harp turned to mourning, And my pipe into the voice of them that weep.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 30.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Job's honour is turned into contempt. (1–14). Job a burden to himself. (15–31).
vv1-14
Job contrasts his present condition with his former honour and authority. What little cause have men to be ambitious or proud of that which may be so easily lost, and what little confidence is to be put in it! We should not be cast down if we are despised, reviled, and hated by wicked men. We should look to Jesus, who endured the contradiction of sinners.
vv15-31
Job complains a great deal. Harbouring hard thoughts of God was the sin which did, at this time, most easily beset Job. When inward temptations join with outward calamities, the soul is hurried as in a tempest, and is filled with confusion. But woe be to those who really have God for an enemy! Compared with the awful state of ungodly men, what are all outward, or even inward temporal afflictions? There is something with which Job comforts himself, yet it is but a little. He foresees that death will be the end of all his troubles. God's wrath might bring him to death; but his soul would be safe and happy in the world of spirits. If none pity us, yet our God, who corrects, pities us, even as a father pitieth his own children. And let us look more to the things of eternity: then the believer will cease from mourning, and joyfully praise redeeming love.
Key Words
עַתָּה: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
שָׂחַק: to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
מָאַס: to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
שִׁית: to place (in a very wide application)
כֶּלֶב: a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מָה: properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
כֹּחַ: vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its hardiness) a large lizard
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
Cross References
Job 30Job bemoans becoming their song, parallel to Jeremiah's lamentation of becoming a derisive song.
Supported by JFB
They spare not to spit in his face; Isaiah prophesies the same physical insult of spitting.
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They raise up ways of destruction, repeating the military siege imagery used in chapter 19.
Supported by JFB
They "set forward my calamity," mirroring the nations who helped forward affliction in Zechariah.
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The mockers bray like wild asses in hunger, echoing Job's earlier wild ass analogy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job previously lamented that he was made a byword of the people.
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Job's description of God opposing him with a strong hand recalls his previous "adversary" complaints.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between the young deriding Job now and the young deferring to him previously.
Supported by JFB
Job details the painful alienation and mockery from those close to him and his household.
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Spitting in the face (or before him) as an extreme, legally recognized gesture of contempt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's "brother to dragons, and companion to owls" parallels Micah's wailing like dragons and owls.
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Contrasts the useless, perished age of the mockers with Eliphaz's promise of a vigorous age.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's bones burned with heat parallels the Psalmist's bones burned as a hearth.
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The cessation of music and elder authority; matching Job's harp turned to mourning.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Being cast into the mire and dust connects to Job's literal seat in the ashes.
Supported by JFB
Job's unresolved cry of "thou dost not hear" echoes his earlier complaint of unanswered crying.
Supported by Matthew Poole