Job30
New King James Version
1“But now they mock at me, men younger than I, Whose fathers I disdained to put with the dogs of my flock.
2Indeed, what profit is the strength of their hands to me? Their vigor has perished.
3They are gaunt from want and famine, Fleeing late to the wilderness, desolate and waste,
4Who pluck mallow by the bushes, And broom tree roots for their food.
5They were driven out from among men, They shouted at them as at a thief.
6They had to live in the clefts of the valleys, In caves of the earth and the rocks.
7Among the bushes they brayed, Under the nettles they nestled.
8They were sons of fools, Yes, sons of vile men; They were scourged from the land.
9“And now I am their taunting song; Yes, I am their byword.
10They abhor me, they keep far from me; They do not hesitate to spit in my face.
11Because He has loosed my bowstring and afflicted me, They have cast off restraint before me.
12At my right hand the rabble arises; They push away my feet, And they raise against me their ways of destruction.
13They break up my path, They promote my calamity; They have no helper.
14They come as broad breakers; Under the ruinous storm they roll along.
15Terrors are turned upon me; They pursue my honor as the wind, And my prosperity has passed like a cloud.
16“And now my soul is poured out because of my plight; The days of affliction take hold of me.
17My bones are pierced in me at night, And my gnawing pains take no rest.
18By great force my garment is disfigured; It binds me about as the collar of my coat.
19He has cast me into the mire, And I have become like dust and ashes.
20“I cry out to You, but You do not answer me; I stand up, and You regard me.
21But You have become cruel to me; With the strength of Your hand You oppose me.
22You lift me up to the wind and cause me to ride on it; You spoil my success.
23For I know that You will bring me to death, And to the house appointed for all living.
24“Surely He would not stretch out His hand against a heap of ruins, If they cry out when He destroys it.
25Have I not wept for him who was in trouble? Has not my soul grieved for the poor?
26But when I looked for good, evil came to me; And when I waited for light, then came darkness.
27My heart is in turmoil and cannot rest; Days of affliction confront me.
28I go about mourning, but not in the sun; I stand up in the assembly and cry out for help.
29I am a brother of jackals, And a companion of ostriches.
30My skin grows black and falls from me; My bones burn with fever.
31My harp is turned to mourning, And my flute to the voice of those who weep.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 30.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Job's honour is turned into contempt. (1–14). Job a burden to himself. (15–31).
vv1-14
Job contrasts his present condition with his former honour and authority. What little cause have men to be ambitious or proud of that which may be so easily lost, and what little confidence is to be put in it! We should not be cast down if we are despised, reviled, and hated by wicked men. We should look to Jesus, who endured the contradiction of sinners.
vv15-31
Job complains a great deal. Harbouring hard thoughts of God was the sin which did, at this time, most easily beset Job. When inward temptations join with outward calamities, the soul is hurried as in a tempest, and is filled with confusion. But woe be to those who really have God for an enemy! Compared with the awful state of ungodly men, what are all outward, or even inward temporal afflictions? There is something with which Job comforts himself, yet it is but a little. He foresees that death will be the end of all his troubles. God's wrath might bring him to death; but his soul would be safe and happy in the world of spirits. If none pity us, yet our God, who corrects, pities us, even as a father pitieth his own children. And let us look more to the things of eternity: then the believer will cease from mourning, and joyfully praise redeeming love.
Key Words
עַתָּה: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
שָׂחַק: to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
מָאַס: to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
שִׁית: to place (in a very wide application)
כֶּלֶב: a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מָה: properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
כֹּחַ: vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its hardiness) a large lizard
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
Cross References
Job 30Job bemoans becoming their song, parallel to Jeremiah's lamentation of becoming a derisive song.
Supported by JFB
They spare not to spit in his face; Isaiah prophesies the same physical insult of spitting.
Supported by JFB
They raise up ways of destruction, repeating the military siege imagery used in chapter 19.
Supported by JFB
They "set forward my calamity," mirroring the nations who helped forward affliction in Zechariah.
Supported by JFB
The mockers bray like wild asses in hunger, echoing Job's earlier wild ass analogy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job previously lamented that he was made a byword of the people.
Supported by JFB
Job's description of God opposing him with a strong hand recalls his previous "adversary" complaints.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between the young deriding Job now and the young deferring to him previously.
Supported by JFB
Job details the painful alienation and mockery from those close to him and his household.
Supported by JFB
Spitting in the face (or before him) as an extreme, legally recognized gesture of contempt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's "brother to dragons, and companion to owls" parallels Micah's wailing like dragons and owls.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the useless, perished age of the mockers with Eliphaz's promise of a vigorous age.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's bones burned with heat parallels the Psalmist's bones burned as a hearth.
Supported by JFB
The cessation of music and elder authority; matching Job's harp turned to mourning.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Being cast into the mire and dust connects to Job's literal seat in the ashes.
Supported by JFB
Job's unresolved cry of "thou dost not hear" echoes his earlier complaint of unanswered crying.
Supported by Matthew Poole