Job30
King James Version · Public Domain
1But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock.
2Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished?
3For want and famine they were solitary; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste.
4Who cut up mallows by the bushes, and juniper roots for their meat.
5They were driven forth from among men, (they cried after them as after a thief;)
6To dwell in the cliffs of the valleys, in caves of the earth, and in the rocks.
7Among the bushes they brayed; under the nettles they were gathered together.
8They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth.
9And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword.
10They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face.
11Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me.
12Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction.
13They mar my path, they set forward my calamity, they have no helper.
14They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves upon me.
15Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind: and my welfare passeth away as a cloud.
16And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.
17My bones are pierced in me in the night season: and my sinews take no rest.
18By the great force of my disease is my garment changed: it bindeth me about as the collar of my coat.
19He hath cast me into the mire, and I am become like dust and ashes.
20I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up, and thou regardest me not.
21Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest thyself against me.
22Thou liftest me up to the wind; thou causest me to ride upon it, and dissolvest my substance.
23For I know that thou wilt bring me to death, and to the house appointed for all living.
24Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave, though they cry in his destruction.
25Did not I weep for him that was in trouble? was not my soul grieved for the poor?
26When I looked for good, then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light, there came darkness.
27My bowels boiled, and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.
28I went mourning without the sun: I stood up, and I cried in the congregation.
29I am a brother to dragons, and a companion to owls.
30My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat.
31My harp also is turned to mourning, and my organ into the voice of them that weep.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 30.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Job's honour is turned into contempt. (1–14). Job a burden to himself. (15–31).
vv1-14
Job contrasts his present condition with his former honour and authority. What little cause have men to be ambitious or proud of that which may be so easily lost, and what little confidence is to be put in it! We should not be cast down if we are despised, reviled, and hated by wicked men. We should look to Jesus, who endured the contradiction of sinners.
vv15-31
Job complains a great deal. Harbouring hard thoughts of God was the sin which did, at this time, most easily beset Job. When inward temptations join with outward calamities, the soul is hurried as in a tempest, and is filled with confusion. But woe be to those who really have God for an enemy! Compared with the awful state of ungodly men, what are all outward, or even inward temporal afflictions? There is something with which Job comforts himself, yet it is but a little. He foresees that death will be the end of all his troubles. God's wrath might bring him to death; but his soul would be safe and happy in the world of spirits. If none pity us, yet our God, who corrects, pities us, even as a father pitieth his own children. And let us look more to the things of eternity: then the believer will cease from mourning, and joyfully praise redeeming love.
Key Words
עַתָּה: at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletive
שָׂחַק: to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by implication, to play
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
מָאַס: to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
שִׁית: to place (in a very wide application)
כֶּלֶב: a dog; hence (by euphemism) a male prostitute
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מָה: properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and even relatively, that which); often used with prefixes in various adverbial or conjunctive senses
כֹּחַ: vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense) or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its hardiness) a large lizard
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
Cross References
Job 30Job bemoans becoming their song, parallel to Jeremiah's lamentation of becoming a derisive song.
Supported by JFB
They spare not to spit in his face; Isaiah prophesies the same physical insult of spitting.
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They raise up ways of destruction, repeating the military siege imagery used in chapter 19.
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They "set forward my calamity," mirroring the nations who helped forward affliction in Zechariah.
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The mockers bray like wild asses in hunger, echoing Job's earlier wild ass analogy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job previously lamented that he was made a byword of the people.
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Job's description of God opposing him with a strong hand recalls his previous "adversary" complaints.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrast between the young deriding Job now and the young deferring to him previously.
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Job details the painful alienation and mockery from those close to him and his household.
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Spitting in the face (or before him) as an extreme, legally recognized gesture of contempt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's "brother to dragons, and companion to owls" parallels Micah's wailing like dragons and owls.
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Contrasts the useless, perished age of the mockers with Eliphaz's promise of a vigorous age.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Job's bones burned with heat parallels the Psalmist's bones burned as a hearth.
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The cessation of music and elder authority; matching Job's harp turned to mourning.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Being cast into the mire and dust connects to Job's literal seat in the ashes.
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Job's unresolved cry of "thou dost not hear" echoes his earlier complaint of unanswered crying.
Supported by Matthew Poole