2 Samuel 3NASB
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2 Samuel3

New American Standard

1Now there was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David; and David became steadily stronger, while the house of Saul became steadily weaker.

2Sons were born to David in Hebron: his firstborn was Amnon, by Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;

3and his second, Chileab, by Abigail the widow of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah, the daughter of Talmai, king of Geshur;

4and the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;

5and the sixth, Ithream, by David’s wife Eglah. These sons were born to David in Hebron.

6Now it happened that while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner was strengthening himself in the house of Saul.

7And Saul had a concubine whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah; and Ish-bosheth said to Abner, “Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?”

8Then Abner became very angry over Ish-bosheth’s question and said, “Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Today I show kindness to the house of Saul your father, to his brothers and to his friends, and have not let you fall into the hands of David; yet today you call me to account for wrongdoing with that woman?

9May God do so to me, and more so, if as the Lord has sworn to David, I do not accomplish this for him:

10to transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to establish the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beersheba!”

11And Ish-bosheth could no longer say a word in response to Abner, because he was afraid of him.

12Then Abner sent messengers to David at his place, saying, “Whose is the land? Make your covenant with me, and behold, my hand shall be with you to bring all Israel over to you.”

13And he said, “Good! I will make a covenant with you, only I require one thing of you, namely, that you shall not see my face unless you first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come to see me.”

14So David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth, Saul’s son, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, to whom I was betrothed for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.”

15Ish-bosheth sent men and had her taken from her husband, from Paltiel the son of Laish.

16And her husband went with her, weeping as he went, following her as far as Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go, return.” So he returned.

17Now Abner had a consultation with the elders of Israel, saying, “In times past you were seeking for David to be king over you.

18Now then, do it! For the Lord has spoken regarding David, saying, ‘By the hand of My servant David I will save My people Israel from the hand of the Philistines, and from the hands of all their enemies.’”

19Abner also spoke to Benjamin; and in addition Abner went to speak to David in Hebron everything that seemed good to Israel and to the entire house of Benjamin.

20Then Abner and twenty men with him came to David at Hebron. And David held a feast for Abner and the men who were with him.

21Abner said to David, “Let me set out and go and gather all Israel to my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may be king over all that your soul desires.” So David let Abner go, and he went in peace.

22And behold, the servants of David and Joab came from a raid and brought a large amount of plunder with them; but Abner was not with David in Hebron, since he had let him go, and he had gone in peace.

23When Joab and all the army that was with him arrived, they informed Joab, saying, “Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he has let him go on his way, and he has gone in peace.”

24Then Joab came to the king and said, “What have you done? Behold, Abner came to you; why then have you let him go, so that he is already gone?

25You know Abner the son of Ner, that he came to gain your confidence, and to learn of your going out and coming in and to find out everything that you are doing.”

26When Joab left David’s presence, he sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the well of Sirah; but David did not know about it.

27So when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the middle of the gate to speak with him privately, and there he struck him in the belly, so that he died on account of the blood of his brother Asahel.

28Afterward, when David heard about this, he said, “I and my kingdom are innocent before the Lord forever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner.

29May it turn upon the head of Joab and on all his father’s house; and may there not be eliminated from the house of Joab someone who suffers a discharge, or has leprosy, or holds the spindle, or falls by the sword, or lacks bread.”

30So Joab and his brother Abishai killed Abner because he had put their brother Asahel to death in the battle at Gibeon.

31Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.” And King David walked behind the bier.

32And they buried Abner in Hebron; and the king raised his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept.

33And the king sang a song of mourning for Abner and said, “Should Abner die as a fool dies?

34Your hands were not bound, nor your feet put in bronze shackles; As one falls before the wicked, you have fallen.” And all the people wept over him again.

35Then all the people came to provide food for David in his distress while it was still day; but David vowed, saying, “May God do so to me, and more so, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun goes down.”

36Now all the people took note of David’s vow, and it pleased them, just as everything that the king did pleased all the people.

37So all the people and all Israel understood on that day that it had not been the desire of the king to put Abner the son of Ner to death.

38Then the king said to his servants, “Do you not know that a leader and a great man has fallen in Israel this day?

39And I am weak today, though anointed king; and these men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too difficult for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer in proportion to his evil.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: David's power increases His family. (1–6). Abner revolts to David. (7–21). Joab kills Abner David mourns for him. (22–39).

vv1-6

The length of this war tried the faith and patience of David, and made his settlement at last the more welcome. The contest between grace and corruption in the hearts of believers, may fitly be compared to this warfare. There is a long war between them, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; but as the work of holiness is carried on, corruption, like the house of Saul, grows weaker and weaker; while grace, like the house of David, grows stronger and stronger.

vv7-21

Many, like Abner, are not above committing base crimes, who are too proud to bear reproof, or even the suspicion of being guilty. While men go on in sin, and apparently without concern, they are often conscious that they are fighting against God. Many mean to serve their own purposes; and will betray those who trust them, when they can get any advantage. Yet the Lord serves his own designs, even by those who are thus actuated by revenge, ambition, or lust; but as they intend not to honour him, in the end they will be thrown aside with contempt. There was real generosity both to Michal and to the memory of Saul, in David's receiving the former, remembering probably how once he owed his life to her affection, and knowing that she was separated from him partly by her father's authority. Let no man set his heart on that which he is not entitled to. If any disagreement has separated husband and wife, as they expect the blessing of God, let them be reconciled, and live together in love.

vv22-39

Judgments are prepared for such scorners as Abner; but Joab, in what he did, acted wickedly. David laid Abner's murder deeply to heart, and in many ways expressed his detestation of it. The guilt of blood brings a curse upon families: if men do not avenge it, God will. It is a sad thing to die like a fool, as they do that any way shorten their own days, and those who make no provision for another world. Who would be fond of power, when a man may have the name of it, and must be accountable for it, yet is hampered in the use of it? David ought to have done his duty, and then trusted God with the issue. Carnal policy spared Joab. The Son of David may long delay, but never fails to punish impenitent sinners. He who now reigns upon the throne of David, has a kingdom of a nobler kind. Whatever He doeth, is noticed by all his willing people, and is pleasing to them.

Cross References

2 Samuel 3

Direct parallel list of David's sons born in Hebron, confirming names and maternal origins.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 18:25thematic

Verbatim reference to the bride price of one hundred Philistine foreskins for Michal.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v272 Samuel 20:10thematic

Joab kills Amasa in the same treacherous manner (striking under the fifth rib).

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Kings 2:32thematic

Solomon references Joab's guilt in murdering Abner, executing judgment to clear David's line.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

Tragic consequences concerning David's firstborn Amnon and his third son Absalom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41 Kings 1:5-18thematic

Adonijah, David's fourth son born in Hebron, later attempts to usurp the throne.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v72 Samuel 16:21thematic

Taking a king's concubine acts as a virtual claim to the throne in eastern custom.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v141 Samuel 25:44thematic

Records Saul giving Michal, David's wife, to Phaltiel (Phalti) the son of Laish.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v272 Samuel 2:19-23thematic

The background event where Abner reluctantly killed Joab's brother Asahel in battle.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Galatians 5:17thematic

The spiritual warfare of flesh versus spirit parallels the weakening house of Saul.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32 Samuel 13:37thematic

Absalom flees to Geshur to his maternal grandfather Talmai after murdering Amnon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v81 Samuel 24:14thematic

David uses the same 'dog' idiom to express utter insignificance and self-abasement.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v91 Samuel 15:28thematic

Samuel's prophecy of transferring Saul's kingdom to David, which Abner acknowledges here.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v112 Samuel 3:39contrast

Contrasts Ish-bosheth's inability to answer Abner with David's weakness before Joab.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v162 Samuel 16:5thematic

Bahurim, where Phaltiel was turned back, is also where Shimei cursed David.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v271 Samuel 14:50thematic

Identifies Abner as the son of Ner, Saul's uncle and captain of the host.

Supported by Matthew Poole